I. A. Paronyan
All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Animal Husbandry – Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Moskovskoe sh., 55a, Sankt-Peterburg, 196601, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the current state of Russian cattle breeds in general and in gene pool farms in particular. We monitored the changes in the number, breeding and productive qualities of Russian cattle breeds, including in gene pool herds, in recent years. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the number of cattle in all categories of farms as of January 1, 2019 was 18,152 thousand animals, which was 0.8% less than in 2018. In 2018, we controlled 32.4% of the livestock of 24 dairy and dairy-meat breeds (valuated livestock). Seven major breeds with a share of at least 2.50% each (Black-and-White, Holstein Black-and-White, Simmental, Kholmogorskaya, Red-Motley, Red Steppe, Ayrshire) accounted for 94.23%; the rest of the breeds (small in numbers) accounted for 5.77%. This ratio of breeds did not correspond to the size of the territory of our country with its various climatic, economic, and historical conditions. In 12 gene pool farms, for 8 livestock breeds, the number of livestock ranged from 83 to 700 animals. For the analyzed period, the productivity of animals of the Red Steppe, Bestuzhev, Suksun, Istoben, and Yakut breeds increased by about 1000 kg of milk; the productivity of cows of the Bestuzhev and Pechora type of Kholmogorskaya breeds from gene pool herds increased by 1066 kg of milk and 2982 kg of milk, respectively. The duration of the productive use of the gene pool animals was longer by 1.42 calving, and the calf yield per 100 cows in the gene pool farms was 3.2 calves more than the average for the entire valuated livestock.
Keywords: gene pool; gene pool farm; fat; inbreeding; introgression; cattle; Russian breeds; related breeds; milk yield.
Author Details: I. A. Paronyan, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mаil: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Paronyan IA. [The current state of the gene pool of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeds in the Russian Federation]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(6):79-83. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10615.