O. A. Timoshkin
Federal scientific center of bast-fiber crops breeding, prosp. Komsomolsky, 17/56, Tver, 170041, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to study the effect of seeding rates, mineral fertilizers and harvesting terms on the yield of variable alfalfa and awnless brome in mixed crops, as well as the biological efficiency of crops to develop elements of their cultivation technology. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the Penza region on leached chernozem. During the experiment, we studied the seeding rates of alfalfa and brome in mixtures (70% + 40% of the seeding rate in pure form, 55% + 55%, 40% + 70%), the level of fertilizer application (without fertilizers, P60K90, N45P60K90), harvesting time for green mass (budding phase, alfalfa flowering phase). The seeding rate for alfalfa and brome in its pure form was 6 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Sowing method – row planting (placement of crops – skip-row planting). Sowing – summer (June), open. The years of research were characterized by extremely dry (2018) and dry (2017, 2019, 2020) conditions of the growing seasons. In the first and second years of use, the maximum yield of green mass in the experiment was observed when mowing in the budding phase in the variant with sowing 70% of alfalfa and 40% of rump – respectively 52.8-60.5 t/ha and 37.1-43.8 t/ha. In the third year of use, it was the highest when mowing in the flowering phase – 31.1-36.4 t/ha. In the first and second years of use, the value of the criterion of biological efficiency of mixed crops (Land Equivalent Ratio, LER) in mixed crops reached 1.10-1.13, which indicated their advantage over single species, and the best values were observed at the sowing norm of 70% alfalfa and 40% rump and mowing in the budding phase. In the third year of use, LER was equal to 0.77-1.01, depending on the mowing period.
Keywords: variegated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.); awnless rump (Bromus inermis L.); mixed crops; seeding rate; harvesting period; mineral fertilizers; yield; biological efficiency.
Author Details: O. A. Timoshkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Timoshkin OA [Productivity and biological efficiency of cultivation of mixed crops of variegated alfalfa and awnless brome]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(7):12-8. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_7_12.