I. B. Trifuntova, K. V. Zenkina, T. A. Aseeva
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, , Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pos. Vostochnyi-1, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the studies was to analyze the main stages of spring oats breeding, to determine the variety model, and to subsequently develop a genotype corresponding to the parameters of such a model. Work on the variety model was performed based on the results of the studies conducted in 1976–2014 in the Khabarovsk Territory. Competitive variety testing of a new breeding material was conducted in 2015–2019. The breeding work included four stages: the study of the source material of various ecological and geographical origins and selection of parental forms; crossbreeding; development of varieties with specified parameters; improvement of breeding material and an increase in its adaptive properties to changing environmental conditions. For the period from 1976 to 2014, we bred Amursky Utes, Soyuznik, Ekspress, Tigrovyy, Premier, Marshal, Cardinal, and Peredovik varieties with potential productivity of 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.5, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, and 12.0 t/ha, respectively. Based on a multicriteria assessment of the varieties bred over almost 40 years, a varietal model was developed with the following parameters: growing season of not more than 95 days, the yield of not less than 8.0 t/ha, high resistance to lodging and germination of grains in a panicle, large, heavy grain with the protein content in the caryopsis of at least 13.0–14.4%, resistance to the complex of the most common diseases in the region. The proposed model corresponded to new lines bred as a result of competitive testing of the highly environmentally plastic varieties (bi was more than 1): 510-15, 339-11, 403-16, 377-16, and 474-14. Stable yield formation (Si2 was less than 1), regardless of environmental conditions, was observed for the samples of 434-05, 434-07, 333-08, and 547-12. The best lines 510-15 (for universal purposes) and 547-12 (for fodder) exceeded Ekspress standard and the most recent zoned variety Marshal in terms of the mass of 1000 grains by 15.0–20.0%, in terms of grain unit – by 10–15 %, in terms of filminess – by 8–10%, in terms of panicle grain content – by up to 30%, and in terms of grain and green mass yield – by 9–12%.
Keywords: spring oats (Avena sativa L.); breeding; variety; productivity; breeding lines; plasticity; stability; Far East.
Author Details: I. B. Trifuntova, research fellow; K. V. Zenkina, junior research fellow; T. A. Aseeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Trifuntova IB, Zenkina KV, Aseeva TA. [The main results and tasks of spring oats breeding in the Far East]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(6):43-7. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10608.