N. V. Stepnykh, E. V. Nesterova, A. M. Zargaryan, S. A. Kopylova
Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Belinskogo 112 A, Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovskaya obl., 620142, Russian Federation
Abstract. Despite the existing variety of hardware and software for agricultural technologies, their information content remains at a low level, as it requires deep analysis of primary data, a scientific approach, and adaptation to the natural and economic conditions of a particular farm. The research aimed to substantiate the possibility of efficiency increasing of agricultural technologies by processing production data using computer programmes for storing and analysing agronomic indicators (an electronic book of field history), as well as calculating economic efficiency (based on flow process charts). We used monographic, statistical methods of data analysis, generally accepted methods for calculating the economic efficiency of technologies in crop production. The calculation of economic indicators of the spring wheat grain production (costs, profit, profitability) was carried out on the example of the experimental fields of the Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute. Profitability by fields varied widely (for example, in 2018 from -21 to 132%) and did not always correlate with yield (in the same year from 1.15 to 3.34 t/ha). Accounting for economic parameters for each field made it possible to identify the reasons for the decrease in the efficiency of agricultural technologies, including differences in forecrops, varieties, and sowing time. Knowing the factors that determine economic efficiency makes it possible to adapt technologies to local conditions and identify internal reserves to save resources, for example, through the use of disease-resistant varieties (profitability of grain production of varieties susceptible to brown rust using fungicides in 2017 on average for all fields was 92%, and the tolerant variety Raduga without fungicidal treatment was 118%), the best forecrops (in 2015–2021 the yield for the fallow forecrop was higher than for the grain one by 2–57%), optimal sowing time (yield differences can reach 0.5 t/ha), etc. Systematization and analysis of production data in specific soil and climatic conditions allow new knowledge to be obtained on agriculture, and the use of computer programmes greatly simplifies this work.
Keywords: resource-saving; agricultural technologies; production experience; economic efficiency; digitalization in crop production; field history electronic book; flow process chart; profitability.
Author Details: N. V. Stepnykh, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. V. Nesterova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A. M. Zargaryan, research fellow; S. A. Kopylova, research fellow.
For citation: Stepnykh NV, Nesterova EV, Zargaryan AM, et al. [Using digital technologies in crop production to store and analyse field history data]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(3):97-102. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_3_97.