M. V. Marchenok1,2, A. B. Podvolotskaya1,2, E. S. Fishchenko1,2
1Arnika, ul. Eniseiskaya, 23b, Vladivostok, Primorskii krai, 690039, Russian Federation
2Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova, 8, Vladivostok, Primorskii krai, 690091, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to find new promising microbial producers of vitamin B12 for its synthesis. We screened eight “wild” strains of microorganisms isolated from crop production as possible producers of cobalamins: 1 – Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 – Bacillus subtilis, 2 – Bacillus circulans, 3 – Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1 – Pseudomonas denitrificans. At the first stage, they were assessed by the accumulation of biomass under the same cultivation conditions. Strains B. subtilis B1 and P. denitrificans P5 had an advantage in terms of this indicator under aerobic conditions: the yield of dry biomass averaged 11.2 g/L and 12.6 g/L, respectively. At the second stage, the dynamics of bacterial biomass accumulation was studied in terms of optical density, depending on the sources of carbohydrates used (sucrose, glucose, maltose). The results on media with glucose and maltose did not differ statistically: 2.52 relative units (RU) and 2.46 RU for P. denitrificans P5 and 2.50 RU and 2.49 RU for B. subtilis B1. Significantly less biomass accumulated in nutrient media with the addition of sucrose. At the third stage, after fermentation, the concentration of cobalamins in cell extracts was measured using HPLC. B1 strain of B. subtilis produced 0.037 mg/mL of the cyanocobalamin; P5 strain of P. denitrificans produced 0.042 mg/mL. Considering the technological complexity of the B. subtilis cultivation process (alternation of aerobic and anaerobic phases), it is preferable to use the P. denitrificans strain for further research.
Keywords: producer; nutrient medium; cobalamin; vitamin B12; Bacillus subtilis; Pseudomonas denitrificans.
Author Details: M. V. Marchenok, post graduate student, research bioengineer (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. B. Podvolotskaya, Cand. Sc. (Med.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. S. Fishchenko, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Marchenok MV, Podvolotskaya AB, Fishchenko ES. [Study of the possibility of using «wild» bacterial strains as possible producers of vitamin B12 (cobalamin)]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(7):109-13. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10719.
L. I. Belyaeva, M. K. Pruzhin, A. V. Ostapenko, V. N. Labuzova, T.I. Sysoeva
Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 63, Kursk, 305029, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the studies was to determine the effectiveness of the glycosidase enzyme preparation Dextrasept 2 in the processing of sugar beet roots infected with mucous bacteriosis. The object of the study was freshly dug and stored roots grown in chernozem soils of the Kursk region and harvested in 2018–2019 and semi-finished sugar beet products. Laboratory experiments were conducted by modelling production processes on the basis of a second-order rotatable plan for two factors at three variation levels with the construction of correlation and regression dependencies and the calculation of a generalized optimization parameter. Bacterial infection of the root cell sap had a negative effect mainly on the technological parameters of semi-finished sugar products, which can be reduced by using glycosidase-active enzymes. The introduction of the complex preparation Dextrasept 2 containing dextranase and levanase enzymes ensured the improvement of technological parameters of semi-finished products, including an increase in the sucrose content in diffusion sap on average by 2.3% to the weight of dry matter and a decrease in the content of high molecular weight compounds by 43.4%; an increase in the purification effect of diffusion sap on average by 3.5%, a decrease in the turbidity of purified sap by 24%, which can provide an increase in the quality and yield of white sugar on average by 0.5%. The use of the preparation Dextrasept 2 at a dose from 4 kg to 8 kg per 1000 tons of sugar beet was effective in the presence of 4–8 pcs of mucous inclusions in the root cell sap. The most technologically acceptable entry points for the Dextrasept 2 preparation, taking into account the degree of bacterial infection of the sugar beet cell sap, were a belt conveyor for feeding washed root crops to the collection tank before beet slicers; a conveyor belt, on which beet chips are transferred to a diffusion unit; collection tank of pulp catcher for diffusion sap; collection tank for diffusion sap.
Keywords: enzyme preparation; glycosidase activity; sugar beet; bacterial infection; polysaccharide; semi-finished product; white sugar; technological parameters.
Author Details: L. I. Belyaeva, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M. K. Pruzhin, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A. V. Ostapenko, senior research fellow; V. N. Labuzova, senior research fellow; T.I. Sysoeva, research fellow.
For citation: Belyaeva LI, Pruzhin MK, Ostapenko AV, Labuzova VN, Sysoeva TI [Performance of glycosidase-active enzymes in the production of beet sugar]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020; 34(7):102-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10718.
A. F. Cheshkova1, I. G. Grebennikova1, A. F. Aleynikov1, D. I. Chanyshev1
1Siberian Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciencespos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
2Novosibirsk State Technical University, prosp. Karla Marksa, 20, Novosibirsk, 630092, Russian Federation
Abstract. The software has been developed to assess the stability parameters of crop varieties. It is a package of functions of R software environment that implements 12 popular methods for determining the degree of “genotype-environment” interaction. It opens up possibilities for calculating the following genotype stability indicators: environmental variance, superiority measure, ecovalence, regression on the environment index, homeostatic coefficient, weighted homeostatic index, stability index stability, multiplicative coefficient, specific adaptability, non-parametric stability estimates. The software was tested based on the data from the field experiment conducted in 2017–2019. The research material was three varieties of spring common wheat (Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 31, and Sibirskaya 12) and three forms of spring hexaploid triticale (k-3992, Ukro variety, and Sirs 57 x Ukro hybrid). The trait “number of grains in an ear” was chosen as an indicator of the productivity of a variety for assessing stability parameters. Variance analysis revealed the significance of the “genotype-environment” interaction (p is less than 0.001) that indicated a significant difference between the response of genotypes to changing environmental conditions. According to the results of the assessment using the developed software, based on the static concept, k-3992 genotype was the most stable in the experiment, whereas Sibirskaya 12 variety was the best in terms of the dynamic concept. Sirs 57 x Ukro hybrid turned to be the least stable genotype. The developed software allowed determining the stability of crop varieties by various methods and, based on an analysis of stability parameters, provided opportunities for selecting the varieties combining high productivity with resistance to adverse environmental factors.
Keywords: software; R; stability; “genotype-environment” interaction; plant breeding; statistical methods.
Author Details: A. F. Cheshkova, Сand. Sc. (Phys.-math.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. G. Grebennikova, Сand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A. F. Aleynikov, D. Sc. (Tech.), prof., chief research fellow; D. I. Chanyshev, research fellow.
For citation: Cheshkova AF, Grebennikova IG, Aleynikov AF et al. [Implementation of methods for assessing the stability of crop varieties in the package of agrostab functions of R software environment]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(7):91-6. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10716.
N.I. Tchernyshev1, O.E. Sysoev1, E.P. Kiselyov2
1Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, prosp. Lenina, 27, Komsomol’sk-na-Amure, 681013, Russian Federation
2Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Clubnaya, 13, s. Vostochnoe, Khabarovskii r-n, Khabarovskiikrai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to consider the ways to improve agricultural machines to reduce soil compaction during technological operations, as well as the options for creating a constant track for the stable operation of machines on periodically overwetting soils under monsoon climate of the Far East. The object of the study was a self-propelled bridge agricultural system, consisting of a platform with a set of technological equipment, moving along the constant track. Under conditions of reclamation systems, the bridge platform is moved with the help of gravel-pebble drains, which, due to the hard structure, ensure the stability of technological processes regardless of weather conditions. At the same time, the bridge system under consideration creates the conditions for solving the problem of rationing plant life support elements (fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, as well as nutrition area, seeding depth, agrotechnical periods, etc.). This determines a stable and high crop yield with economical and environmentally friendly production combined with an increase in the intellectuality of agricultural labour. The hardness of the support and the entire bridge system allowed to use the robotics by the most efficient way on the basis of the parameters of crop cultivation technologies stored in the computer memory, whereas the high mobility of the vehicle ensures the compliance with the optimal terms. The estimated daily capacity of the bridge system is 70 ha. Bridge farming allows solving many problems of agricultural production in the Far East, associated with the extremely unstable hydrological regime of soils due to the monsoon climate, as well as with an acute shortage of labour resources.
Keywords: bridge system; hard track; ecology; robotics; farming.
Author Details: N.I. Tchernyshev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.);O.E. Sysoev, D.Sc. (Tech.), assoc.prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.P.Kiselyov, member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Tchernyshev NI, Sysoev OE, Kiselyov EP [The bridge system as the basis for ecological robotic farming]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(7):97-101. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10717.
U. P. Fomichev
Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, pos. Dubrovitsy, 60, Podol’skii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 142132, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study enzymatic and microbial processes in the rumen of sheep, the state of interstitial metabolism in the body with the integrated use of Spirulina platensis, organic iodine, and protein of microbiological synthesis. The experiment was conducted by the groups-periods method (control and experimental, n = 6) in sheep with rumen fistulas. In the control period, the animals ate the main diet; in the experimental period, a biologically active mixture was added at the rate of 5 g/day. The mixture consists of organic iodine, dry biomass of Spirulina platensis microalgae, and dry sprouts as a filler in a proportion of 40%, 6%, and 54%, respectively. During the test period, the sheep were also fed by the protein of microbiological synthesis at the rate of 30 g/day. Three hours after feeding, the pH of the chyme in the experimental period decreased to 6.62 units; in the control period, the value of this indicator, despite the decrease, remained higher (6.85 units). The ORP after feeding in the control period increased by -0.25 mV, and during the experimental period, it decreased by -72 mV and approached the neutral state. The use of microbial protein in the diet of sheep in combination with Spirulina platensis and organic iodine increased the total number of microorganisms in the rumen chyme by 65.3%, including the number of bacteria by 74.3% and the number of ciliates by 53.2%. However, significant differences with the control (p was less or equal to 0.05) were registered only in terms of ciliates population. When the studied biologically active and nutrients were included in the diet of sheep, we noted positive tendencies associated with an increase in the content of bilirubin in the blood serum, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and urea, as well as negative tendencies due to a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides. The use of the specified complex of compounds had no significant effect on mineral metabolism and morpho-haematological parameters.
Keywords: sheep; spirulina; organic iodine; protein of microbiological synthesis; digestion in the rumen; metabolism.
Author Details: U. P. Fomichev, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Fomichev UP. [The influence of the complex application of protein of microbiological synthesis, Spirulina platensis, and organic iodine to enzymatic and microbiological processes in the rumen and interstitial metabolism of sheep]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(7):86-90. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10715.