UDK 001.89
Research institute of agriculture of the Far North Rosselkhozakademii: past and future
V.M. Zelenskiy
Summary. The article describes the main stages of development of the territory of the Russian Far North and the ways of formation and development of the GNU Agricultural Research Institute of the Far North Siberian regional department of the Russian Agricultural Academy, his most importantachievements, current status and future directions of its activity. 
Keywords. Far North, Arctic, reindeer, musk ox, necrobacillosis, brucellosis, antlers, saponin, helminth infections of fish floating Forage complex briquetted feed, laundry lighting.

UDK 637.1
Increasing of milk production economic efficiency at the agricultural enterprises and state support of milk production 
S.A. Shelkovnikov, M.V. Gabdrakhmanov, P.P. Kholodov 
Summary. The article finalizes the score card of agricultural production efficiency and its state support. The score card includes such characteristics as return on sales of gross agricultural production, return on gross agricultural production, efficiency of agricultural production state support. The characteristics mentioned above are calculated by means of taking into account costs on gross agricultural production, its sales revenues and the level of state support. The characteristics allow taking into account specific agricultural production when defining its efficiency.
The article suggests the way to calculate the standard needs in subsidies in order to provide extended and investment innovative reproduction based on economic viability of gross output for each agricultural enterprise, local area, natural trading area and region as a whole. The standard expenses defined according to the technological cards and realized costs can be applied as a basis for calculation. The standard need in subsidies calculated in the first variant reveals that amount of money which is necessary for agricultural enterprise to achieve the standard economic viability of gross output is 40%; then it provides extended reproduction; the second variant reveals achievement of investment innovative reproduction equal to 60%). The article forecasts milk production in Novosibirsk region up to 2020; it defines the degree of state support: when it is equal to 1052 million rub. then it is going to provide extended reproduction and degree of state support equal to 2540 million rub. will provide investment innovative reproduction when milk production in the region is 0.8 and 1.4 million tones and average milk yield per cow is 6036 and 10499 kg. 
Keywords: dairy production, state support, subsidies, costs, extended reproduction, investment and innovative reproduction.

UDK 338.246.027.4
Ways of improving the state support in agriculture of the Smolensk region	
S.A. Maltsev
Summary. Lowyielding agriculture,  dependent on natural factors and having a pronounced seasonal,  cyclical production requires constant support from the state. In this paper we analyzed the mechanisms of regulation of agricultural production of the state, the factors that influence the efficiency of production in the Smolensk region. The studies were conducted on the materials of the Smolensk region,  reflecting the state of the agricultural sector at the present stage,  applied economic and statistical methods,  in particular grouping and econometric models.  The results show that the modernization of agricultural production and the growth of its technical equipment depends on the size and form of public support.  The multidimensional analysis suggests that the amount of public investment related to the fixed assets of the agricultural organizations are very low. The studies showed a trend growth fondoosnaschennosti and organizational performance by an average of 45 thousand rubles when the amount of subsidies per 1 thousand rubles.,  The creation of agro formation in the form of trust on the basis of economic entities within the livestock industry in the region can achieve payback 119,5%, 97% instead of the actual level.  The determination coefficient of correlation regression model suggests that 43 % of the variation is explained by the influence of agricultural commodity capitallabor ratio of state support of agricultural production.  The implementation of the proposed measures will help to ensure a more efficient industrial activity in the region by reducing costs and increasing profitability of the final product by 2030 %. Increased state influence in this direction will increase the volume of agricultural production and ensure food security in the region through its own regional products.
Keywords: state support, agriculture, agricultural organizations, investment process, grants, trust, econometric modeling.

UDK 599.735.3:502. 747(571.511)
Current status of use and protectionhunting resources for example taimyrpopulation reindeer
А. M. Shapkin
Summary. The commercial development of resources in the Taimyr wild reindeer in industrial scale began in 1971, after the aerial counts for 1969 was set increased population size. Its population reached 332,900. During the Plan period, Vågå and exclusive use of state hunting resources Taimyr Tun Firewood deer (1971-1990 gg.) Were extracted from the population 1,294,600 deer. Monitoring of population carried Agricultural Research Institute of the Far North. The Institute completed within the specified time scale aerial survey numbers 13 Taimyr population is constantly monitored her sex and age structure, and annual growth,  monitor and make adjustments to the rate of production of animals by age and sex.  Now the operation of this valuable fishery resource on ohothozjajstvennoj agreements on fixed tion hunting grounds in the Taimyr Dolgan Nenets metro area occupied 47 hunting users (entities, small businesses, farmers, indigenous communities, indigenous peoples of the North). In Evenkiya fishing of wild deer are 19 of the registered hunting users. In the Republic of Sakha ( Yakutia), the number of ohotpol User input, unfortunately, we do not know. In addition, the North Yenisei there are other farms, one way or another related to their economic activities using the resources of wild deer. As long as one knows that the quota is the extraction of wild deer for hunting users and amateur hunters in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is from year to year at a constant level  40 thousand. What are the actual harvesting of wild reindeer on the Yenisei North and accompanied him to the individual territories, now no one knows. The aim of our study was to analyze the current situation with the resources Taimyr population, with state monitoring and protection of wild reindeers, which today is virtually nonexistent. Our conclusions for the revealing of the basic Taimyr population of wild reindeer,  their sex and age structure,  and determine the actual production quota species must be in the near future holding of the aerial survey Taimyr population,  as well as gain from the federal and regional authorities of effective measures to its protection and preservation.  Unless these major events, we have all the chances to complete 43 years of use of resources Taimyr population and undermine their complete exhaustion.
Keywords: use, hunting resources, Taimyr population of wild reindeer.

UDK 633.11«324»:631.82
The effect of mineral fertilizers and biological products on winter wheat moisture use
V.I. Kargin, A.A. Erofeev, I.A. Latyshova, R.A. Zaharkina, N.A. Perov
Summary. The study was aimed to identify the efficiency of moisture resource using by winter wheat variety “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya” under the influence of mineral fertilizers and biological products in leached chernozem condition. During 2009-2012 twofactor field experiment was carried out on the basis of Mordovia Variety Testing Stations. Testing samples (without fertilizer) were compared to embodiments with compensation of nitrogen removal by 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Phosphorus removal in all cases was compensated by 100%, and potassium by 60%. All the crops were treated in the phase of tillering in spring and autumn with biological products such as Planriz (1 l/ha), Azotovit (0.4 l/ha), Agrovitcore (2 l/ha), and Albit (0.04 l/ha). It has been proved that the cultivation of winter wheat “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya” during favorable moisture years the highest yield of grain is formed in the compensation of 60-80%. During dry years, this compensation should be of 20-40% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus, and 60% of potassium removal. Biological fertilizers are more effective at lower nitrogen fertilizers doses. Plants used the greatest amount of moisture from 01-00 cm soil layer in fertilizers applying. Also it has been proved that winter wheat with fertilizers applying increased moisture absorption from a meter layer of soil by 13,0-36% compared with the testing samples. The total moisture intake in average for 3 years increased in fertilizer applying by 5,3-15,7% compared with testing samples. But in fertilizer applying the efficiency of water resources usage increased. The loss of moisture for a ton of grain formation in testing site without fertilizers was 806 tones. When N40P65K70 was applied it decreased by 10,7 %. The use of N80P65K70 showed 9,1 % decrease, and N120P65K70 showed 6,6 % decrease. Under the influence of biological products the moisture loss decreased by 6,48,2% compared to the testing samples.
Keywords: leached chernozem, winter wheat, yield, water consumption, daily water consumption.

UDK 635.21:631.559:631.811.98
Yields, its structure and potato quality under “Zircon” preparation treatment depending on the plant stand thickness
A.N. Postnikov, I.F. Ustimenko, E.A. Bolotnova
Summary. The Zircon growth regulator effect with different potato planting density and stem stand was studied. The research was carried out in 20092011 under the conditions of the NorthEastern region of Russia on the sodpodzol sabulous sopils. 5080 gr. seed potato tubers were treated with the Zircon preparation at the rate of 0,25 and 0,50 ml/10 litres of water not long before planting out at the density rate of 57,1 and 71,4 thousand/ ha. The varieties under study were the following  Udacha (early maturity) and Alvara (midearly maturity). Zircon effected favourably at the rate of 0,50 ml/10 litres of water with plant densification of up to 228,5 thousand stems / ha with the Alvara variety and up to 249,9 thousand stems / ha with the Udacha variety. Cropproducing power with the Udacha and Alvara increased up to 22,0 tonnes/ha (+20,9%), and to 18,9 tonnes/ha (+14,5%) respectively. The stem stand density increased to 21,4 (+10,3%) and 32,1 (+14,7%) thousand of tubers per 1 ha, starch output – by 16,4 и 22,4% / ha, the amount of 5080 gr. seed tubers by 13,9 и 18,1%, commercial tubers by 6,9 и 1,9% respectively.
Keywords: potato, tuber, variety, Zircon preparation.

UDK 631.417
Mineral Fertilizers and lime influence on the active ingredients content in the composition of organic matter of soddypodzolic soil and summer wheat yield
N.Ye. Zavyalova, Ye.M. Mitrofanova, I.V. Kazakova
Summary. In the longterm stationary experiment in 2010 the substance of active components in the organic matter of soddypodzolic heavy loamy soil and their effects on crops were studied. The highest yield of spring wheat in crop and grass rotation was obtained by reliming the soil to 0.5 hydrolytic acidity level and by complete fertilizer introduction (dose N45R40K40 – 3.22 t / ha). Primary liming in 30 years of experiment course had no significant effect on the content of active ingredients in the organic matter. During the reliming of acidic soddypodzolic soil at 0.5 level of hydrolytic acidity the content of the mobile and labile carbon tended to decrease in the soil under study. Mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90R80K80 promoted the accumulation of maximum content of watersoluble carbon and carbon extracted with a solution of alkali and sodium pyrophosphate. The usage of lime and fertilizer together ensured the preservation of organic matter at the level of 1,531,61% C, the accumulation of transformable carbon (0.19 – 0.29%), carbon mobile (0.33 – 0.34%), labile carbon (0.22 – 0.23%) to mass of soil, and carbon which changes into aqueous extract – 209 – 240 mg / kg. There is a correlation of medium strength detected between the content carbon extracted with 0.1 M solution of sodium pyrophosphate and yield of spring wheat, r = 0, 62. The methods for the determination of active components in the composition of humus used in research require further refinement, since they do not allow you to fully appreciate the impact of readily degradable organic matter on agricultural productivity for soil liming.
Keywords: mineral fertilizer, lime, active ingredients, organic matter, crop yields.

UDK 633.367.2 : 631. 174 : 631.4
Accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides in green material of the lupine of uzkolistnogo when using means of chemicalixation
G.P. Malyavko, N.M. Belous, V.F. Shapovalov, P.Yu. Lishchenko
Summary. Researches conducted for the purpose of studying of influence of means of chemicalixation at their long application on productivity, accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides in green material of a lupine uzkolistny grown up in a plodosmenny crop rotation (potatoes – a lupine – oats – a winter rye) on the cespitose and podsolic sandy soil of the southwest of the Central region of Russia. Object of researches  a grade the Crystal. According to longterm data (2009-2012) it is established that the greatest effect will reach at complex application of P60K120 fertilizers in combination with pesticides where the maximum productivity of green material of a lupine of 234 c/hectare is received, the increase in comparison with control made 122 c/hectare. Along with increase of productivity the content of heavy metals, such as Zn, Cu, Pb and Mo respectively on 62,12 decreased; 22,44; 10,20 and 74,60% as a result of biodilution. Concentration is higher than the called elements in the elevated mass of a lupine of uzkolistny experiment on this option didn't exceed maximum concentration limit. Studied systems of fertilizer promoted decrease in transition of caesium137 on a crop of green material of a fodder lupine by 1,97 – 3,33 times. The greatest frequency rate of decrease in 2,453,47 times is reached as a result of complex application of fertilizers and chemical means of protection of plants. However receiving standardly «pure» production (400 Bq/kg, VP 13.5. 13/0900) probably only on a background of P60K120 both in combination with pesticides, and without them. Thus, for obtaining high productivity of ecologically safe production of a lupine on the cespitose and podsolic soil of easy granulometric structure with a pollution density 137Cs on the average 646 kBq/sq.m optimum are a dose of P60K120 fertilizers in a complex with pesticides.
Keywords: heavy metals, radionuclides, means of chemicalixation, lupine.

UDK 631. 452
Effect of ways basic tillage soil agrochtmical parametrs some typical chernozem
S.I. Smurov, N.V. Shelukhina
Summary. Under condition of the field stationary experiment, located in foreststeppe zone of Central Black Earth Region (Belgorod region) on typical heavyloam chernozem, in 1991-2013 it was studied the influence of tillage on the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium by Chirikov and easy hydrolysable forms of nitrogen by Kornfield in different levels. The experiment was deployed in time and space on four fields. The investigation was carried out in a crop rotation with the following rotation of crops: pea, winter wheat, sunflower, barley. Ploughing (PN-5-35), surface nonmoldboard cultivation (KPE-3,8) and deep nonmoldboard cultivation (PCH-2,5) were used as tillage methods. Tillage methods did not significantly influence crop yields and crop rotation productivity. The results of calculation of economy balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for five rotations of grainrow crop rotation testify that its main parameters weakly depended on tillage methods also. With application of N41P32,5K32,5 on average in a year the intensity of nitrogen balance was 89.7…90.1 %, phosphorus – 115.1…117.1 %, potassium – 126.7…129.1 %. For five rotations the content of easy hydrolysable forms of nitrogen by Kornfield decreased by 5…18 mg/kg in the level 0…30 cm, but the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium by Chirikov increase by 29…59 and 8…18 mg/kg, correspondingly.
Keywords: easy hydrolyzed Nitrogen, soil productivity, moving forms of Phosphorus and Potassium, black soil, fertilizer.

UDK 502.654(117)
Studying of longterm cereal herbs for biological rekultivation of the broken lands in the Yenisei North
A.H. Sariev, V.M. Zelensky
Summary. The paper examines the main stages of growth and development of longterm upstream and downstream of grasses in the tundra zone of the Yenisei North. Germination in the first year (2006) at the grassroots grains was 60-63 %, 26-58 % in riding. Over the next 3 years the regrowth of grasses averaged at grassroots cereals 69-71 %, 21-75 % in riding. The largest number of regrown shoots have been among upland crops in brome grade Kenonsky – 1500 pcs./m2, at least brome local – 430 items/m2. The number of shoots grow back from roots of grasses averaged items/m2 3150-4270. Over the years, the number of regrown shoots per unit area in upland grasses decreased, at the grassroots increased. Observations of the onset of phenological phases shown on the extended period of the passage of tillering.  In the first year of life (2006), herbs are not moved except for the next phase of the Siberian pyreynika. He reached the phase of stem elongation.  During the period of research (2006-2009 years) all reached the grass earing. Flowering stage reached pyreynik Siberian,  red fescue,  Kentucky bluegrass.  Full maturity of seeds fixed at grassroots grains of red fescue and meadow grass in 2009. Over the 4 years of observations from the density of smooth brome grass varieties Antey and Kenonsky increased to 1,383 and 1,650 shoots per 1 m2, with pyreynika Siberian Guran until 1867, meadow fescue and 1150 items/m2. Grassroots cereals increased their participation in the stand until 4633-6333 shoots per 
1 m2. Analysis of the data shows that on average, the highest yield of 3year forms pyreynik Siberian – 15.2 kg / ha, the smallest – Rump Inermis local – 5.5 t/ha. Stable data yields Noting us in riding – crops pyreynika Siberian variety Guran and brome grade Kenonsky,  at the grassroots of grasses: from red fescue – 13.2, in meadow grass – 14.0 c / ha. According to the results of studies concluded that the possibility of use in biological reclamation of disturbed land following species and varieties of herbs horse pyreynik Siberian variety Guran, Rump beardless variety Kenonsky; grassroots red fescue variety Tatiana, mints – face meadow grade Balin. 
Keywords: Far North, Rump beardless, pyreynik Siberian, tall fescue, oatence red, meadow grass, soil, wild grasses, grass density, crop completely.

UDK 633.2:502.654
The development of the root system perennial cereal on broken lands Eniseysk the North
A.H. Sariev
Summary. The features of the growth and development of root systems of perennial grasses in the subarctic tundra of Taimyr while fixing the soil surface disturbed lands.  In the first year of life grains form a weak root system of a length of 8-12 cm of Education rhizomes are observed. Activation of root development marked the second year of development. We have seen the development of grassroots cereals rhizomes.  In upland grasses rhizomes appear sporadically.  Was an increase in the mass of root residues.  At the beginning of September 2007 the mass of root remains in the version without fertilizer in the second year after planting averaged – 10.8 kg / ha, in the version with upland grasses use of fertilizers – 61.6 kg / ha, in the version with grassroots herbs with the use of fertilizers,  78 ts/ga dry matter. In the third year of life in ryhlokustovogo cereal pyreynik Siberian marked short rhizomes. To detect biogenic productive zone of the underground plant development conducted measurements of soil temperature at various depths. Found that in the 0-10 cm soil layer of soil temperature reduction is every 2 cm at 10C,  at a depth of 10-20 cm decline was slower every 6.5 cm to the end of the growing season soil temperature at a depth of 20 cm was 6 – 70C,  which in our opinion is the lower boundary of the active roots of perennial grasses in the subarctic tundra. The bulk of the roots are in the soil layer from 0 to 10 cm layer of organic soil 020 cm is the main aquifer that require protection from mechanical damage and water erosion. Studies show that for 4 – years of observation most sturdy sod felt layer with a large proportion (116.2 kg / ha) weighing create grassroots grasses Kentucky bluegrass and red fescue.  Chemical analysis of the roots shows that in 2007 in upland grasses nitrogen does not accumulate in the roots, and is used to build the structural bodies of plants. Drifting grains are used for formation of nitrogen and at the same time is an accumulation of reserve nutrients.  In 2008, the cumulative process at the grassroots cereals reduced – nutrients are used for the construction of organov. U riding crops and accumulation of food reserves.  Phosphorus is a progressive increase in inventory data.  According to the results of studies concluded that the prospects for longterm use of grasses for biological reclamation of disturbed lands. Sod felt layer formed by the root system of perennial grasses restores the function of producing disturbed soil,  suppresses the kinetic energy of the water flow,  which are the cause of water erosion,  reduces the depth of thawing permafrost,  as a protection against flushing plyvnyh rock subsoil horizon. 
Keywords: perennial grasses,  roots, sod felt layer,  root mass,  mineral fertilizers. 

UDK 633.12: 631.529.86
Source material for breeding oats for resistance to redbrown spot, root rot and smut
A.B. Saynakova 
Summary. The studies were conducted in the years 2002-2012 in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. Soil test sites sod podzolic. The humus content of about 2,0%. We studied breeding patterns,  surveys and observations were made by the procedures adopted in academia. During the study the degree of injury of oat plants red brown spot ranged from 4,3 to 76,0 %, epidemics of the disease was observed 1 time. The correlation coefficient between precipitation and infected plants was 0,97 ± 0,02, and between indicators of air temperature and infection of plants is equal to 0,79 ± 0,04. Select only one line of oats 5866/93 [Horizon × Metis] as srednevospriimchivaya. Infection of oat plants root rot does not exceed 25%. As a source of stability we have proposed line 2737/90, 3663/91, 5252/95. Promising combination: [Irtysh × Monar], [31N714 × 20N816], [N1121 × aurea 603]. Immunological monitoring of breeding material allowed us to estimate resistance to loose smut. In hybrid nurseries allocated: 1,1% level combinations lesions less than 5% 75,5% – less than 25% 13,4 % – less than 50% and 10,0 % of the samples with a strong susceptibility to loose smut – 50 %. Have noted a combination of crossing,  practical resistance to loose smut : Integrale × Metis; Commander × Metis, [(Horizon × Metis) × (Skakyn × 4198/87 )] and [(Metis × 81N444 ) × (Komec × 45N1007)]. In the control samples revealed the nursery with a high resistance 31,4 % practical – 17,7 %, the average susceptibility – 7,9%; weak – 40,7 %, a strong susceptibility – 2,3%. Isolated lines with 0 index of sustainability: 2476/97 (Borter × 17N788 ); 3083/99 (Borter × 20N816 ); 2514/97 (Irtysh 13 × 17N788); 2858/02 (Jaak × Metis). On the background of a provocative test of competitive allocated 43,8 % of the rooms that have a high degree of stability, 20,1% – practical resistance, 25,6 % – low susceptibility, 9,3% – the average susceptibility, 1,2 % – a strong susceptibility. Marked lines with a high degree of resistance : 2142/94 (Irtysh 13 × Monar); 2302/98 (31N714 × 20N816); 1958/98 (Borter × 12H794), as well as samples that have defeated loose smut does not exceed 5 % – 5252/95 (N1121 × aurea 603); 1376/90 (Skakyn × Metis); 3663/91 (Dryg × 81N444).
Keywords: oats, breeding material, sustainability, harmfulness, Epidemics, loose smut, root rot, redbrown spot.

UDK 633.203.26/29
Halophytes plant cultivation: concepts, experiences, perspectives
E.Z. Shamsutdinova, O.A. Starshinova, Z.Sh. Shamsutdinov 
Summary. The aim of the research is to prove possibility of fodder production on the basis of irrigation with saline groundwater, collectordrainage and marine waters using halophytes. Field experiments were conducted on the Astrakhan experimental land reclamation station in irrigation of saline collectordrainage water (8-10 g/l), in Kyzylkum desert (Uzbekistan) on sandydesert soils under irrigation underground salt waters (3-4 g/l) and the Mangyshlak Peninsula in the area, Shevchenko (Kazakhstan) when irrigation was conducted by saline water from the Caspian sea (20 g/l). In experiments tested the annual fodder halophytes Kochia scoparia, Kochia iranica, Suaeda arcuata. On the Astrakhan experimental meliorative station yield Kochia scoparia ranged from 7.7 to 14.1 t/ha of dry mass, seeds – from 0.6 to 1.3 t/ha. The highest productivity had samples K301 (Guzar district, Uzbekistan), K303 (Uzbekistan, Samarkand region) and K345 (Chardzhou, Turkmenistan). In the conditions of Northern deserts on Mangyshlak Peninsula when sea water of the Caspian sea Kochia scoparia formed from 6 to 13.2 tons of dry matter from 1 hectare The most productive were the samples of K5, K35, K101, K102 Kochia scoparia. Suaeda arcuata formed 13.6 t/ha and Kochia iranica – 28.1 t/ha of dry forage. In the conditions of the desert Kyzylkum Kochia scoparia positively reacted to the use of mineral fertilizers, its productivity increased 35 times. The highest yield was achieved with the introduction of ammonium nitrate at the dose of N120-180 – 14.6-17.3 tons of dry forage. The most effective dose of nitrogen fertilizers should be considered N120, which contributed to the formation of higher productivity with the greatest returns nitrogen harvest (35,6 food. units as of 1 kg of nitrogen).
Keywords: halophytes, crop production, concept, experience, prospects, irrigation, saline water.

UDK 575.174.57.085.2
Bioresource centers as a form for conservation of animal genetic resources of agricultural purpose
N.A. Zinovieva, V.I. Fisinin, V.A. Bagirov, O.V. Kostjunina, E.A. Gladyr
Summary. Based on the analysis of Convention of biological diversity, conception and best practice guidelines of OECD, Global plan of action for animal genetic resources and guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations the scientific and practical values of creation in the Russian Federation of the Bioresource Centers as the essential elements of the infrastructure for conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources and as a basis for development of agrobiotechnology are shown. The institutional mechanisms of management of animal genetic resources are discussed. The short description of animal and poultry collections of different forms (gene pool and cryobanks) maintaining in the Russian Federation is done. The aims for development of Bioresource Centers on the base of main collections are described. The advantages of the integration of the Bioresource Centers in the international data bases in particular in FAO information system DADIS and in the global bioresource centers network GBRCN are shown. 
Keywords: biodiversity, animal genetic resources, Bioresource Centers.

UDK 636.294:636.082.4
Veterinary and zootechnical problems of reproduction in the northern reindeer and their solutions
K.A. Laishev, A.M. Samandas, A.V. Prokudin, T.M. Romanenko, V.V. Goncharov, T.V. Muhamadeeva
Summary. Based on an analysis of published data and our own research to consider the basic zootechnical veterinary reproduction problems in reindeer herds to be brought to the focus, and the ways to solve them. Among the problems of zootechnical direction focuses on artificial insemination, genetic monitoring and management of nursing. Among the problems shown to reduce the average yield of the business of calves from 85% to 50% reduction in the output of meat slaughtered by the Russian Federation to 30 cwt. to 12 cwt. In most areas there are no deer farms in the work to improve the quality of reindeer and observed degradation of rocks. Among the issues highlighted veterinary adverse effects on the reproduction of the individual brucellosis and indirectly nekrobakterioza reindeer. According to our data centers in fresh clinical signs of brucellosis infection can occur in 1520% of the animals. The most effective way to combat brucellosis in reindeer  is a specific preventive maintenance. We have developed a conceptual model of the system of control of epizootic process of brucellosis in domestic reindeer, from the standpoint of modern theories and technological characteristics of the industry and the new socio economic and epidemic conditions. Implementation of the above system to combat brucellosis reindeer on the Taimyr Peninsula has reduced the incidence in reindeer herds of 1015. According to our data, the incidence of animal nekrobakteriozom in reindeer herds of up to 20% and the mortality rate of 25-30 % of patients. Assessing the prospects for combating nekrobakteriozom deer, it should be noted, a complex of organizational, veterinary preventive and therapeutic measures provided substantial assistance in the fight against this disease. We have developed and implemented an integrated system of protection of deer herds by bloodsucking insects, gadflies and nekrobakterioza, which has reduced the incidence in herds of 78 times.
Keywords: reindeer herding, herd reproduction, brucellosis, necrobacillosis, the genetic structure of a population of reindeer.

UDK 636.082.451
Approbation of method of estrus synchronization of reindeer to obtain early elite calves
V.V. goncharov, E.V. Nikitkina
Summary. Under the conditions of the taiga reindeer herding Krasnoyarsk been studied dosing synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α – D-cloprostenol on female Evenk breed of domestic reindeer in order to synchronize the sexual cycle for the early calves. Revealed that the available time for mating females reindeer can only be determined by a complex of traits – behavior, a genital organs and hormonal status of the female. Have external signs of hunting in females : a marked swelling of the labia, yellowish mucous discharge from the vulva, more upright position of the tail,  concerned about the behavior in the search for the active male. The results obtained in hormone levels in the blood serum: progesterone level was 0.05 – 7,64 ng / ml, estradiol – 58,7-677,3 pg / ml. Vazhenok 70 % had a level of progesterone in the blood serum of less than 1 ng / ml in predsluchny deer rut. It was established experimentally that the introduction of 52,5 g D-cloprostenol leads to the planned launch of reproductive cycles of female reindeer in the initial period of the rut that allows you to receive early spring calving of tours. More viable and active are the calves early calving period.  Live weight at birth is higher by 500 g compared with calves late calving. The prevailing dynamics in live weight of calves earlier noted to 6 – months of age, the difference was 13,5 kg in favor of early calves. 
Keywords: reindeer, estrus, hormones.

UDK 598.2:591.465.13:578.832.1 А (571.51)
The influenza A virus: serological studies of egg yolk wild birds of the taimyr peninsula in 2007-2012 yy.
A.V. Prokudin, K.A. Laishev, К.А. Sharshov, A.G. Durymanov, A.M. Shestopalov 
Summary. Wild birds – a natural reservoir from which the agent gets in poultry. Migration of wild birds contribute to the geographical distribution of different variants of viruses. And so the study of the circulation of influenza viruses in wild birds in areas close to their migration routes of birds – a necessary element for the optimization of efforts to control the spread of the pathogen. The purpose of our work – epizootological monitoring the circulation of influenza A virus in wild bird populations of the Taimyr Peninsula. To achieve it investigated 283 yolks of eggs from birds of 21 species belonging to 4 orders. Sampling was carried out during the breeding period in 2007, 2008, 2011 and 2012 on the Taimyr Peninsula. The study was conducted yolks hemagglutination inhibition using standard antigens to certain subtypes of influenza A. The studies revealed antihaemagglutinin to subtypes H1, H3, H5, H7. The highest titer antihaemagglutinin to subtype H1 was observed in studies in 2011 – 1:8192 – 6.67 %, the highest titer to H3 subtype identified in the analysis of samples in 2012 – 1:512 – 10 %, the highest titer to the H5 subtype was observed in studies 2011 – 6.67 % and in 2012 – 10 % of the samples,  the highest titer to the H7 subtype is shown in the analysis of 2012 1:512 – 10% of the yolks. Based on the results of the research suggested that formed, population immunity to H1 subtype after the pandemic H1N1 2009 This in turn indirectly affected by the transfer to the next generation of antibodies to the specified subtype of the virus. The presence of antibodies to influenza A virus subtypes indirectly points to the fact that the birds that nest in the summer on the Taimyr Peninsula actively involved in the circulation of influenza A virus, and may participate in its distribution in Eurasia.
Keywords: epizootological monitoring subtypes of influenza A virus, egg yolk, wild birds, the Taimyr Peninsula.

UDK 639.111, 599.735
Gis-mapping of the reindeer habitat using the heat balance model
V.V. Mikhailov, L.A. Kolpaschikov, V.M. Scherbakov
Summary. The direct effect of climatic factors on the animal – is the impact on the animal’s body heat exchange with the environment and the work of its thermoregulatory system. Favorable to the existence of animals are thermoneutral zone of the area in which the maintenance of thermal balance is achieved through the work of the physiological system of thermoregulation. The sources of heat production in the animal thermo neutral zone is the energy of the ‘normal’ metabolism. Additional energy costs or limit its revenue from food, aimed solely at maintaining the heat balance are absent. Abroad, the energy balance is disturbed thermoneutral zone, providing stabilization (or slight decrease) in weight in the winter and its intense growth in the summer, so that the deer for a long time under such conditions can not exist. The work of the thermoregulatory system characterizes the generalized thermal resistance of the animal, an equal ratio of the difference in rectal temperature and air temperature to the total heat loss of the body. As an indicator of the intensity of weatherclimatic conditions adopted by the normalized value of the generalized thermal resistance, which is equal to zero at the upper thermoneutral zone, and one – on the bottom. The territorial distribution of the tension indicator, depending on the values of solar radiation and meteorological factors form zooklimatic field of the habitat and determines the boundaries of the thermo neutral zone. Building zooklimatic field includes three tasks. First – this is the formation of an array of input data for the model calculations. The second problem – settlement on the model of the heat balance to determine the strength of the thermo regulatory system in the local area locations. The third task – building zooklimatic field of the habitat and the delimitation of the thermo neutral zone using GIS-technology. As an example, shows the results of a stress exponent of the thermoregulatory system of reindeer and maps zooklimatic fields in Jamal and Taimyr in summr. Shows the location of the boundaries thermo neutral zones for adult animals in the average weather conditions in 1986, as well as the shifting boundaries when the climatic conditions of the area.
Keywords: bioklimatic distribution, thermoneutral zone, heat balance, model, reindeer, the thermoregulatory system, meteorological and solar radiation factors.

UDK 634.7:621:53.08 
Measurement of geometrical parameters of fruittrees
A.F. Aleynikov, V.V. Mineev, V.A. Zolotarev, V.B. Morozov
Summary. The requirement of creation of devices of an assessment of quality of young trees and fruit is proved by measurement of their geometrical parameters. Existing methods of an assessment of quality use mechanical sensors. They cause deformation of object of measurement which reduces control accuracy. The purpose of researches – a justification of the principle of measurements of devices for measurement of geometrical parameters of trunks of young trees and fruit, increasing the accuracy and productivity of procedure of control of cultures of a garden. The main technical requirements for a choice and a justification of the principle of measurements of geometrical parameters of young trees and fruit are formulated. The contactless optical principle of measurement of the linear sizes, with high metrological features, is chosen. On the basis of the contactless optical shadow sensor of BALLUFF firm (Germany) the experimental sample of the device is developed and made. It is described structural structure of an experimental sample of the device and work of its components. Results of tests of research of an experimental sample showed its quite high technical characteristics: range of measurements is from 6,5 to 24 mm; nominal price of unit of the smallest category of 0,1 mm; measurement time is more, than 10 with; overall dimensions 50×85×95 mm. Device use for definition of geometrical indicators of quality of cultures of a garden actually, will give the productive help to sorters during receiving new estimates of cultures of the garden adapted for machining, development of intensive technologies of their cultivation, will reduce expenses of time of operations on control in an assessment of quality of young trees.
Keywords: industrial gardening, principle of measurement, diameter of trunks of young trees, diameter of fruit, sensor, portable gage.

UDK 631.363.2:633.521
Determining of the length of endless belt in the press baler chamber round
N.A. Tolstushko
Summary. Article is dedicated to mechanization of the baling from flax stems in the round baler. The analysis of the round baler with an improved bale chamber of variable volume is given. In discussion on the main process of round baler the bale forming process is divided on three stage in depending on diameter of a bale. More attention is paying to the bale forming in the loop roll press chamber which is made with the endless belt system. The scheme of bale forming when endless belt presented as a system of separate parts is discussed. For the determining of length of the loop, which is formed by endless belts in the formation of the roll, as well as coverage of the roll angle in the press chamber the developed soft wear adapted to Maple V was used. Dependences which increases the length of the endless belts in the zone of the press chamber, and an aperture angle of endless belts from a roll radius are described. Changing of radius of a bale in range from 0.31 till 0.61 m affects on the length of loop – from 1.70 till 3.55 m and on the angle – from 2030 till 2900, as well. Graphic images present all types of the dependences. Dependencies to determine of tensile forces of endless belts branches and validation of parameters of the round baler with bale chamber of variable volume are discussed.
Keywords: press-up, chamber for pressing, endless belts, roll, ribbon of flax.

UDK 636.294: 637.5+637.6 +639.11.4
Prospects for harvesting and processing of domestic reindeer herding and fishing of wild reindeer
A.A. Gnedov, A.A. Kaiser, E.V. Martseha
Summary. On this basis, the aim of our research based on years of scientific research based on the analysis of physical chemical and biochemical parameters to determine the priorities of the improvement of harvesting and processing of domestic reindeer herding and pro thought reindeer. Found that the spectrum of biological materials rather eat reindeer  cue for further use in the production of biologically active food additives (BAA) and pharmaceuticals. Found that reindeer meat contains 82,22% protein, 5,87% fat and 1,32% of the mineral elements. Meat production is energy vysokokallorinym food product. It contains kkall/100g 381,71 and 1599,36 kJ of energy. Amino acid content of 55.79g/100g protein fatty acids 87.20 g/kg vitamins, 76.09 mg/kg, 24,54 g of macronutrient / micronutrient kg and 259,52 mg / kg. Not less valuable product is blood. In the blood, hemoglobin contains 11,26%, 8,06% protein, lipids 218mg/100g, 151mg/100g cholesterol and 534 mg/100 g of alkali reserve. In the blood of the complex there is a high content of fat and watersoluble vitamins and fatty acids. The level of vitamins is 110.43 mg/100 g,  of which 38,68 mg/100 g.  account for the fatsoluble vitamins. The concentration of fatty acids is 67,19mg/100g including accounted for 53,74mg/100g unsaturated acid. Blood contains 10,67 g/100g amino acids. Summary macro level is 8,99g/kg trace elements – 1721,20mg/kg. It is promising direction for highquality preparation and further processing endokrinnofermentnogo raw materials and byproducts (tails, tendons, penis with testicles, etc.). For a better use of resources Bior  Far North advisable to conduct further indepth scientific research on the harvesting and processing of reindeer products and fishing activities, the development of technological methods of canning with maximum preservation of biologically active substances and their possible longterm storage for local conditions and their introduction into the production.
Keywords: wild reindeer, processing, herding, products, technology, meat, antlers, blood, dietary supplement.

UDK 664:636.294
Innovative technologies of deep processing of raw materials of reindeer
G.I. Tyupkina, K.A. Layshev, A. A. Kaiser
Summary. The aim of our research  development of innovative technologies for deep processing of biological materials from reindeer for the production of functional food and feed additives with a high content of biologically active substances. To achieve this goal a study of antler raw materials, waste extract from reindeer antlers  antlers bagasse, waste for cleaning antlers (the skin with the hair). In the study of technological schemes of processing biological materials from reindeer used about 100 kg of reindeer antlers on the Taimyr Peninsula, 19 ways to get tested extracts and different formulations based on it. Chemical toxicological, microbiological and radiological tests of raw materials and finished products was carried out in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.107801. To carry out the extraction using ultrasound Position used with different frequencies. Some new types of bakery products increased nutritional value for human nutrition deficient in minerals and amino acids in a bun containing UDP 0.25% of the iron concentration is increased by 1.45 mg / kg compared to control; manganese  to 0,835 ; magnesium  for 10,01 mg / kg. In the experimental samples supplemented with 0.50% antler powder was enrichment essential amino acids isoleucine, valine, leucine and lysine to a level corresponding to the requirements of FAO / WHO. In the extracts obtained by extraction, ultrasonic, the total number of amino acids above, in comparison with a control drug, an average of 23 % reduced in length extracting 4 times. Number of all mineral substances biologically active material cured product of animal origin, obtained by means of ultrasound, 1.5  2.0 times higher than in the product manufactured in a water bath. Feed additives are made on the basis of antler cake and waste in cleaning antlers (the skin with the hair) have a high biological activity. On the total amount of amino acids, as well as the amount of essential acids, hydrolysates exceed their level compared to pant flour. Ratio of indispensable amino acids to the acid in the lithium girolizate is 1:1.3, the sodium and potassium  1:1.4 to pant flour  1:1,26. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the results developed lowwaste technology for processing raw antler, shows its technological suitability for producing extracts ; usefulness for the production of bakery products,  feed additives..
Keywords: reindeer antlers, innovative technologies, biologically active substances, functional food and feed additives.

UDK 641.1:639.211.4
Comparison of selected performance food value living forms siga and semi siberian (Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Gmelin), were caught on Yenisei North
A.A. Gnedov, A.A. Kaiser, E.V. Martseha
Summary. Siberian whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Gmelin), living in the lower reaches of the river. Yenisei  the most massive commercial species. The study was performed to compare the biochemical parameters of the two forms of meat Siberian whitefish, are caught in the Yenisei North, to determine their nutritional value. In this paper the semianadromous form which conducts feeding grounds in the delta. Yenisey and spawns in the river. Tunguska, and living that lives directly in the main river bed. Yenisei and its tributaries and lakes, and do not make long migrations. Sampling was performed directly on the ground yield, after which they were combined in a homogeneous batch and lead to an average of each sample. Studies of biochemical meat showed the presence of both forms of biologically active substances include amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral elements. Meat dominates the living forms of whitefish in terms of: fat (19,00 ± 0,14 vs 3,86 ±, 015),  energy saturation (442,96 ± 0,53 vs. 354,06 ± 0,58), the presence of unsaturated fatty acids ( 46,93 ± 0,29 vs 3,23 ± 0,02), in comparison with semianadromous form. According to the content of minerals, essential amino acids and vitamins are marked with their preponderance in the meat semianadromous form. Thus, the total concentration of macronutrients in semianadromous whitefish forms of 38,330.89 mg/kg, 28590mg/kg minerals, essential amino acids 36,78 g/100g protein, vitamins, 173.91 mg/kg. In residential form these figures are 25550,0 mg/kg, 5740,0 mg / kg, 27,67 g/100g protein,  136,74 mg/kg on macro  and micronutrients,  vitamins and essential amino acids,  respectively. The analysis shows that the residential form of whitefish superior form of semi 4.9fold by the presence of fat, 1,23 times  the energy of 14.53 times  unsaturated fatty acids, but it is inferior to 1,5 times the concentration of macronutrients, 4,98 times  trace elements, 1,3 times  for essential amino acids and 1,27 times  vitamins. Despite the different values of the studied parameters nutritional value, both forms of whitefish are whole foods.
Keywords: fish processing, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, taste, smell, consumer demand.

UDK 557.1:639.212
Product quality indicators starlet anthrax (Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii Brandt)
A.A. Kaiser, A.A.Gnedov, V.G. Shelepov
Summary. The study was performed for the first time to determine the biochemicalray composition and nutritional value of the lower reaches of the Siberian sturgeon Yenisei. Starlet is found almost everywhere from the headwaters to the mouth of the delta and inclusive, as well as in numerous tributaries. Sturgeon a valuable food fish. It is of great interest as an object of breeding and cultivation. In natural waters forms a hybrid of the sturgeon. As a result, the research found that Siberian sturgeon meat ray contains 22,09% fat, 62,06 % protein and 1,66 % ash elements. Kaloriy 100g of meat was 447,05kcal, the energy content of 1873 kJ, which was referred to as a high calorie food product. According to the fat content of food products Siberian sturgeon can be attributed to a particularly greasy. Valuable in Sturgeon meat is the whole complex of biologically active substances, including the macro  and microelements,  amino acids,  fatty acids and vitamins. Siberian sturgeon meattion is rich in content of fatty acids. The total level of their amounts to 87,42 g/kg. There predominance of unsaturated fatty acids, the level of which is 70,60 % of the total acids. It is known that the higher the content of unsaturated fatty acids, the valuable food product. Siberian sturgeon meat is rich in content of essential amino acids  leucine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine and threonine,  the level of which is 81,8 % of the essential amino acids,  which is a good indicator of the quality of food products. The total level of vitamin in meat starlet was 100,96 mg/kg. Observed high content of vitamin E (23,97 mg/kg), B5 (39.74 mg/kg) and B1 (10,19 mg/kg). The study of the mineral composition found that sturgeon meat contains 13,71 g/kg of macronutrients and 125,20 mg/kg of micronutrients. Among macrocells It is noted the prevalence of potassium and phosphorus and trace elements of iron manganese. The studies give evidence to transfer the meat starlet to quality and well balanced food product.
Keywords: sturgeon, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, macroand microelements, a biologically active substance.