Eightieth anniversary of Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding
K.V. Kharlamov
Summary. This article outlines the main stages of formation and development of Scientific-Research Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding named by V.A. Afanas’ev. There are noted the achievements of the institution which consolidated the creation priority of scientific basis of cage fur farming and industrial rabbit breeding to soviet scientists. The current state and scientific potential of the Institute is characterized. 

UDK 631.145:349.41
Role and social-economic essence of ground attitudes in reforming of AIC (the agrarian industrial complex)
I.I. Ryazantcev
Summary. In this article the essence and paramount value of ground attitudes is opened during reforming of agrarian and industrial complex, the basic problems of reformatory transformations of agrarian and industrial complex are designated, organizational and economic tools of a state policy are offered in the field of ground attitudes perfection.
Keywords: ground for agricultural purpose, agrarian industrial complex, private property, attitudes of the property, state ownership. 

UDK 631.145:339.92(470+571)
Russia’s WTO accession: regional aspect
M.G. Leshcheva, J.A. Juldashbaev
Summary. The evaluation of the problems and perspectives of development of the agri-industrial complex of one of the largest agrarian regions of the country in the conditions of Russian accession into WTO is presented. The main directions of implementation of the existing comparative advantages are determined: more complete use of the integration and cooperation opportunities, accelerated development of industrial and logistic infrastructure, establishment of the joint enterprises with foreign capital, invitation of investors for the development of the high-productive agrarian sector with implementation of intensive technologies, and others.
Keywords: World Trade Organization, market of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials, import, export, trade balance, comparative advantage, food independence.

UDK 338.434 / 631.14:636.5
Investments as the major factor of realization of scientific and technical progress in broiler poultry farming
A.I. Suchkov, E.V. Guseva
Summary. There were analyzed innovation processes and investment programs in broiler poultry breeding. There was substantiated necessity of scientific and research development in the sector on base of innovative technology implementation. There were presented concrete indicators of broiler poultry breeding innovative development in agrarian holding on example of Tomsk oblast. 
Keywords: broiler poultry breeding, scientific and technical advance, investments, agrarian technologies, government assistance.

UDK 631.452
Rotation of main nutrients in agriculture in Belgorod region
S.V. Lukin
Summary. Agrochemical investigations from the first to the eighth five-year cycles were carried out in areas 15 585, 15 963, 15 589, 15 002, 14 629, 14 173, 13 736, and 13 107 sq km, correspondingly. Deficient nitrogen balance in soils of the region developed in 1964-1970 and 2000-2009, but its intensity in those years was quite admissible – 87.8...92.2 %. During 1976-1994 the intensity of nitrogen balance was 128.1...162.5 %. During 1984-2009 the weighted average content of easy hydrolysable forms of this element was 156...160 mg/kg and virtually did not change.  In 1964-1994 phosphorus balance was positive, and in 1984-1989 its influx was 2.4 times higher its carry-over. In 2000-2009 the balance of this element became negative (intensity was 67.6...77.1 %), resulting in lower concentration of its mobile forms in soil by 15 mg/kg (11.5 %). Potassium balance in 1976-1983 was close to deficit-free one, and in 1984-1989 it was positive, but in other cycles of agrochemical inspection it was deficient. In 1990-2009 the weighted average content of mobile forms of this element was 126...128 mg/kg. In general, reducing of the fertilization use caused a significant deterioration of the main element balance of plant mineral nutrition in soils in Belgorod region. However, weighted average content of easy hydrolysable forms of nitrogen and mobile forms of potassium has not yet changed, and content of phosphorus mobile forms decreased by 11.5 %.
Keywords: nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, balance, nutrient leaching, denitrification, potassium, rotation, phosphorus.

UDK 633. 16: 631. 526. 32.
Results of studding world barley collection under environments of Altai territory
G.M. Mousalitin, V.A. Boradoulina, Zh.V. Kouzikeev 
Summary. The aim of the research was a search of new sources of agronomic traits for main breeding objectives under environments of acutely continental climate of Altai territory. 402 barley samples from different ecological and geographic zones were studied. In all tests local varieties Vorsinsky and Vorsinsky 2 bred for recent years were superior in productivity. Their yield reached 595 and 675 g/m2 i.e. 11 and 16% higher than the one of the check Signal. Belgorodets, JB Flavor, Stein, Chinook, Vodka and Priazovsky 9 can be considered as promising entries. Zolotnik, Zadel, Bagan, Omsky 90, Natalie, Shukran, Danuta, Slavyansky 93 were singled out for 1000 kernel weight. 1000 kernel weight of these varieties made up 50 – 55 g. Higher number of kernels per spike is peculiar for Annabel, Xanadu, JB Flavor, Omsky 90, Jin, Chelyabinsky 99, Polo, Dekor, Jessika, Zhodinsky 5, Signal, Vorsinsky. High tillering capacity (1,8 – 2,5 fertile tillers) is a feature of Kasota, Stein, Crest, Priazovsky 9, Ratnik, Dollie, Zhodisky 5, Annabel, Vorsinsky and Vorsinsky 2. Belgorodets, Souzdalets, Ratnik, Zolotnik, Zadel, Ubagan, Khadzhibei, Archekas form high protein content (more than 14%). Annabel, JB Flavor, Pasadena, Elf, Gorinsky, Rakhat, Gonar, Barleta, Vodka, Vorsinsky 2, Vorsinsky, Signal can be called as conditionally malting varieties . JB Flavor, Annabel, Brenda, Elf, Anii, Fleet, City, Jin, Ramos and some others are interesting for lodging resistance. Bagan, Odessky 100, Nosovsky 9, Anna, Prikumsky yubileiny, Tonus, Donetsky 8, Zavetny, Ilek demonstrated high drought tolerance. Stimul, Mamlyuk, Obskoi, Veresk, Tonus, Voulkan, Omsky 96, Natalie, Zolotnik are most early-ripening varieties. High resistance to a local population of covered smut (Tilletia caries) is a characteristic of Jet, Priazovsky 9, Elf, Moskovsky 3/125, Ramos, Partner, Alliance, Bagan, Signal, Agoul 2, Omsky 85, Donetsky 8, Cuzdalets, Ratnik, Belgorodets, Khadzhibei, Zadel, Zolotnik.  As a result of studding a large set of entries a working collection was organized, which is used for the development of new hybrids. 
Keywords: barley, collection, breeding, agronomic traits, entries, productivity, disease resistance, malting characteristics of grain. 

UDK 575.117.2:633.11«324»
Effects of gene wx on common wheat baking quality
T.A.Ryzhkova, M.Yu.Tretyakov, I.P.Motorina, V.P.Netsvetaev
Summary. The study of baking qualities in normal varieties (Korochanka), partially-wx (Korotyshka) and wx-wheat (Sophiyka), showed that the full meal for wx-recessives genes has a high water absorption, low viscosity and resistance to retrogradation test finished product. Wx-one recessive gene in the genome of wheat is not enough to significantly improve the quality of bakery products. The influence of environment on the formation of the physical properties dough from grain harvested in 2010 and 2011 was studied. We analyzed samples of common winter wheat Vezelka, Bezenchukskaya 380, Feya and Uni 1. It was established that the «run-off grain» leads to significant change physical indicators of dough reflecting a complex carbohydrate meal in the analysis of grains by the instrument Mixsolab. Thus, compared to 2010 retrogradation decreased 55.4%, amylase activity increased by 21.8%, the viscosity decreased by 43.5%. In general, the contribution of environmental factors in the variation of these parameters was 36-71%. Dough from this meal on the physical properties of the complex carbohydrate was close to typical mixograme characteristic of the sample with the recessive allele’s wx-loci.
Keywords: common wheat, wx-genes, mixolab, run-off grain, physical properties of dough.

UDK 633.34(571.61):632.4
Activity of enzymes at grades of the soya with various degree of stability to septorioz
E.A. Semenova, S.A. Titova, L.K. Dubovitskaya
Summary. Septoria or rusty spottiness (pathogen is Septoria glycines Hemmi. Syn.), is one of the most important biotic factors that reduce soybean yields. The purpose of the study was to determine the activity of enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and acid phosphatase) in healthy and diseased leaves, Septoria resistant and susceptible soybean varieties. In resistant varieties of soybean peroxidase activity in diseased leaves is much higher (2 - 4 times) than in healthy during all phases of development. In susceptible varieties of the enzyme activity increased slightly in the third phase of ternate leaves, in the phases of flowering and bean development remained at normal or even decreased (grade Heyhe 14). Catalase activity in leaves infected with Septoria, lower than in healthy subjects. The greatest decrease in catalase (3 - 4.6-fold) was observed in the third phase of ternate leaves with resistant varieties. The specific activity of acid phosphatase in infected leaves of resistant plants remained at healthy (in K9979-70, Khabarovsk grade 98) or decreases by 1.5 - 3.5 times (sort of Vega). In susceptible varieties of soybean acid phosphatase activity decreased in 5 - 7 times compared with the healthy. Thus, the resistant plants infected with Septoria, there is a significant increase in activity of peroxidase, catalase activity is reduced, activity of acid phosphatase decreased slightly or remained at healthy. In susceptible varieties of soybean infection causes a fundamental breach of metabolic processes and leads to lower yields on average by 40%. The data obtained can serve as a criterion for the stability of soybean to S. glycines and should be taken into account in practical breeding.
Keywords: soya, septoria, peroxidase, catalase, acid phosphatase. 

UDK 633.853.494:632.93 (470.58)
Summer rape varieties reaction on the growing conditions in partially-wooded steppe of Zauralye
N.N. Makoveeva, A.A. Postovalov 
Summary. The aim of these investigations was to study the possibilities of summer rape seed productivity raising in partially-wooded steppe of Zauralye at its placing on the non-fallow preceding crop due to usage of more resistant to stress factors varieties. Varieties Ratnik-st, Accord, Fregat, Yubileyny, Sibniik 21 and Sibniik 198 were investigated on unfertilized and fertilized (N60P30) background. The soil is blacksoil leached medium-strong thin humus. It was established that varieties Sibniik 198 and Sibniik 21 shorten vegetation period by 5 days in hard drought conditions and 2 days at surplus wetting. Fusariosis affection of rape increased in arid conditions and root rot and alternariosis affection of rape – at surplus wetting. Varieties Accord, Fregat, Sibniik 198 had maximum resistance to fusariosis  under favourable conditions of vegetation. Index of disease maturity did not exceed 5,5%. Varieties Accord, Fregat and Sibniik 21 are more resistant to root rot in arid conditions, at surplus wetting – Fregat, Yubileyny, Sibniik 198 and Sibniik 21. Variety Yubileyny is more resistant to alternariosis affection of leaves and fruits and Accord, Sibniik 198 and Sibniik 21 (12,3-12,7%) – to fruit affection. Mineral fertilizer mainly raise varieties resistance to alternariosis affection of fruit and selectively – to root rot. Varieties Yubileyny, Sibniik 198, Sibniik 21 (8,3-10,8%) have a higher resistance in arid conditions, varieties Ratnik-st and Yubileyny (8,3-11,7%) – in favourable conditions. A variety-standard Ratnik and Accord are characterized by a higher resistance to stress factors, Ratnik, Accord and Yubileyny – by a higher productivity, achieving seed picking 1,46-1,83 t/ha on grain preceding crop without fertilizers application. Varieties Yubileyny and Sibniik 198 have a higher responsiveness to mineral fertilizers increasing yield capacity at introducing N60P30 by 0,3 and 0,45 t/ha.
Keywords: summer rape variety, disease resistance (fusariosis, root rot, alternariosis), weather conditions, mineral fertilizers, yield capacity.

UDK 633.522: 661.162.63
Efficiency of method desiccation a monoecious hemp sowing
V.A Serkov, I.I. Pluzhnikova, А.А. Smirnov
Summary. Efficiency desiccation nonnarkotic variety monoecious of a hemp cultivar Surskaja modern preparations with broad row sowing are studied. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of a yield of seeds and straw depending from a variant of desiccation are resulted. The preliminary harvest drying plants monoecious hemp allowed to terminate the ripening seeds on 8-10 days. Processing plants preparations Glifos by dose of 2,0 l/ha and Reglon super by dose of 1,0 l/ha at maturity in the middle of panicles 50% seed provided increase yield of seeds on 0,21-0,28 t/ha and increased the size of their units on 1,1-1,7 g/1000, did not reduce the yield of straw and did not worsen its quality indicators.
Keywords: a hemp sowing monoecious, agrotechnic of variety, desiccation, harvest humidity of seeds. 

UDK 638.132
Specific features of honey plants bloo under humid subtropical conditions
E.N. Kostyleva, Yu.I. Zhitin
Summary. Studies of ecological features of honey plants blooming were carried out under humid subtropical conditions. Found that blooming season of the major honey plants in the region of study may begin on February 9 and end on December 8 under favorable conditions. In most species it is observed a direct dependence of the time of blooming from latitude: the farther to north, the later blooming begins. In other species, there is an inverse relationship: more earlier start and end of blooming in more northern parts of the study area, compared with the southern ones, which is associated with very high temperatures in the subtropics in summer and late summer period, unfavorable for nectar secretion. The fact that most of major honey plants in the region bloom in spring and early summer, while in summer and late summer periods the number of blooming species is significantly reduced, is explained by the same features of the climate. The shortest blooming period is typical for spring species, the longest – for summer and late summer ones, as well as for those having extended blooming period.
Keywords: humid subtropics, honey plants, blooming period.

UDK: 636.93.084
Actual problems of cage fur-producing animal feeding and ways of their solving
E.G. Kvartnikova
Summary. The main problems of cage fur-producing animal feeding are the lack of centralized forage base, shortage of animal protein, high cost of feeding (up to 70 % of the cost price of skin products), low control for the nutrient balance in fur-producing animal diets and their sanitary-chemical quality in fur-farms, unsystematic use of biologically active substances, insufficient inclusion of concentrated mixed fodders in diets. The ways and methods for solution of the most pressing problems were suggested: the systematic determination of the nutritional value of traditional feeds by complete zootechnical analysis, of nonconventional fodders – by balance experiments with animals; scheme of dependence of the most common skin defects on concrete mistakes in feeding organization and preventing methods; scheme of rational usage of biologically active substances, providing the maximum effect. It is substantiated the reasonability in production of the progressive feeding system for carnivorous fur-producing animals with an extensive use of mixed fodders and concentrates, that will improve diet duty and get closer to transfer animals to dry-type feeding.
Keywords: feeding, fur-producing animals, biologically active substances, skin defects.

UDK 636.93
Technology of Farmed Marmots Feeding
G.A. Fedoseeva, I.A. Plotnikov
Summary. Steppe marmots (Marmota bobak Muller, 1776) as new object of cellular fur farming, adapt for consumption of forages which are applied to others planted rodents and rabbits. While breeding a marmot at the farm there was a task to feed animals by dry granulated forages. Dry type of feeding by full diet mixed fodders is the most effective method of marmots feeding. The expense of concentrates for adult animals for a year makes 50 … 54 kg/goal. Marmots 5 … are 6 months in hibernation and the forage does not eat. The requirement of steppe marmots in nutrients on 1 МДж exchange energy makes (g): solid – 82,5; protein – 15,2; fat – 1,9; cellulose – 2,8; an azotic extractives – 31,6. On 1 kg of weight of a body it is required to marmots (g): 9,1 protein; 1,1 fat; 1,7 cellulose; 18,9 an azotic extractives; 0,9 calcium and 0,5 phosphorus. The requirement for all nutrients increases by 1 kg of live weight in the spring, and decreases on 23-30 % in the autumn. At the cellular contens it is possible to provide need of marmots for nutrients with feeding by the granulated compound feed according to the developed recipes. It is established that when using in feeding of marmots of the granulated compound feed KKB – 1M, feeding trough, applied to rabbits is most technologicat. Marmots, cating the granulated compound feed, try to take it paws. The part of a forage inevitably falls under a cage. For decrease in losses of a forage on a bottom under a bunker feeding trough it is necessary to attach in addition a shelf from sheet iron. As a result of this device the dropped – out forage fails not at once under a cage and steals up marmots.  Conditions of the cellular contents and technology of feeding of marmots cause level of need of marmots in water. Especially big need for water when feeding by dry compound feeds and at high surrounding temperatures. The general consumption of water on a poyeniye in hot days of summer reaches on a marmots farm 500 g on the head per day. Feed marmots 2 times a day – in the morning and in the evening.
Keywords: marmot, technology, feeding, mixed fodder, diet, digesting.

UDK 636.934.55.085
Use of preparation «Bio-iron with trace elements» for increased productivity of young sables
N.N. Loenko, M.S. Minin, I.E. Chernova
Summary. Influence of mineral additives on productivity of sables is poorly studied, and in the practice of feeding one follows regulations developed for minks. Therefore, in order to prevent nutritional anemia, correction of diets in mineral elements and increase in sable productivity we used new complex preparation “Bio-iron with microelements”. The composition of its first modification includes iron hydroxide polymaltose complex modified by microelements (copper, cobalt, selenium). The other modification of the preparation contains iodine in the form of iodine-gorgonian acid. With inclusion of the preparation “Bio-iron with microelements” in the basis diet of young sables from June to October based on 2.5 mg/head in a day of iron (III) it was noted the increase in final male live weight by 16.5...93.3 g (P≥0.95), in absolute and relative increase – by 18.4...108.8 and 1.1...7.9 %. Against the background of the drug the hemoglobin level in blood of animals in the control group increased by 4.6 %, the iron content in liver – by 12.0 %, which demonstrates a high bioavailability of this element in the additive. Moreover, the skin area in control groups was more by 0.05 sq. dm (P≥0.95), skin quality rating – by 2.0...5.0 %. The preparation under consideration in both versions is slightly cheaper than existing analogues that is of practical importance to reduce the feeding cost.
Keywords: sable, fodder additive, trace elements, body height, diet, fur quality, anemia, hemoglobin.

UDK 636.934.57.085
Nutritional value of mycelium of fungus Aspergillus niger for mink and influ-ence of multi-enzyme complex on the digestibility of nutrients
V.N. Kulikov, N.E. Kulikov, E.G. Kvartnikova
Summary. In recent years, there are used alternative feeds in the animal breeding, in particular, microbiological wastes. It was studied the digestibility of nutrients of fungus Aspergillus niger (Asp. niger) mycelium – wastes of citric acid production and the possibility to its improvement. In the balance experiment at minks coefficients of nutrient digestibility were de-termined for the basis diet (BD), BD + Asp. niger mycelium, and BD + Asp. niger mycelium + multi-enzyme complex (MEC) Porzim TP-100 (0.2 %). Addition of mycelium in the feed mixture for minks in control groups caused natural reducing of dry and organic matter digestibility due to reliable (p<0.01) decrease of digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates. Calculation of the actual content of digestible nutrients in diets on the basis of determined in balance experiment and by differential method in mycelium digestibility coefficients showed, that the content of digestible for minks protein in mycelium was 8.3 %, fat – 1.5 %, carbohydrates – 15.7 %, changeable energy (CE) – 115.7 kcal/100g (0.8 MJ). Under Porzim addition these values were 12.0 %, 1.5 %, 15.2 % and 130.3 kcal/100g (0.55 MJ), respectively. Inclusion of enzyme complex in diet with mycelium did not affect the digestibility of mycelium carbohydrates (29.8 and 30.9 %), but caused increase in protein digestibility coefficient compared to native one by 20.2 % (66.4 and 46.2 %).
Keywords: a mycelium of Asp. niger, multyenzime complex, Porzim-TP-100, nutoitional value, factor of digestion, minks.

UDK 636.934.571
Application of chelate additive «gidrolaktiv» for increase of reproductive capacity of females of minks
S. Beketov
Summary. We studied the effect of multicomponent chelate preparation GidroLaktiV on the reproductive capacity of female of pastel minks. The composition of GidroLaktiV along with chelating compounds – lactate macro-(Ca, Na, K, Mg, P) and trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Se) include vitamins (C, E, B1...B7, B9...B12), pro-vitamins (beta-carotene, ergosterol), oligopeptides, free amino acids, polysaccharides, various organic acids and other biologically active substances, as well as a live probiotic culture of Lactobacillus (mainly Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus). The study was conducted on the base of mink farm «Pioneer» of company «Northern fur» (Leningrad region). The integrated product GidroLaktiV used in feeding females of pastel minks, since the period of mating (March), including the birth (April-May) and before separate of young minks from mothers (June). To conduct the experiment in one brigade was formed two groups of adult females of the main herd at the age of 2 to 3 years to 50 goals in each group. The ratio of age gradation in groups was similar. Mode of feeding and technology in the control and experimental groups were identical. In accordance with the scheme of the experiment the females of experimental group in addition to the diet received GidroLaktiV. The preparation is introduced into the daily feed rate of 1 g per head per day. Primary data obtained from the results of the experiment, were systematized and consolidated into a table, a statistical analysis of continuous random variables (fertility, obtained puppies on the main female and etc.) was limited to verifying the hypothesis of equality of two population averages for two samples using t-statistic of Student. The experiment results in the experimental group reported significantly (p <0.05) decrease in the proportion of stillborn pups, number of which amounted to 0.08 goals in terms of primary female that is essential to 77.78% compared with the control. In general, the use of food additive GidroLaktiV on 10.37% increase the number of obtained puppies on the main female to separate of young minks from mothers. At the same time in the group with GidroLaktiVa more than twice declined separate of young minks from birth to registration, respectively, 7.85% and 3.56% of the total number of live puppies in each group. The experiment results indicated positive effects of this preparation on the reproductive capacity of females of minks. 
Keywords: сhelate compounds, GidroLaktiV, feed additive, pastel mink, females of main herd, stillborn puppies, reproductive ability.

UDK 636.934.23
Productive indicators of hypotrophy cubs of silver-black foxes under influence of katozal
A.I. Majorov, A.V. Vladimirov, M.A. Majorov
Summary. The influence of the preparation katozal on productive indices (live weight) and morphological characteristics of blood of silver-black fox cubs was studied. Prior experiment the safety, sterility and pyrogenicity of katozal were established for 10 adult foxes and 20 male cubs, which were injected by the studied preparation into the rear paw. Within two weeks of monitoring clinical condition of animals no deviation from the physiological norm was revealed. During the experiment in the furfarm LLC “Pushnoe” in Tula region three groups of male cubs were formed; in every group were cubs-analogues in live weight at the age of 60 days, ten animals in every group. In the first and second groups were hypotroghic cubs, in the third one – normally developed cubs. To hypotrophic cubs were attributed anaemic cubs with live weight 15...20 % less than that of peers. Animals in the first group were injected by katozal at the dose 1 ml/kg of live weight; animals in the 2nd and 3d groups were intact. To the age of 4 months the live weight of cubs in the 1st group was higher, that of hypotrophic peers, by 14.3 %, and practically did not differ from weight of individuals in the 3d group. At the age of 120 days, in blood of foxes from the 1st group the concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was higher by 13.5 and 17 % compared with animals from the 2nd group. All the studied indicators of blood of animals from the 1st group were at level of indicators of animals from the control group.
Keywords: Katozal, hypotrophic cubs, fox, hemopoiesis, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leucocytes, peers, safety.

UDK: 636.934.55.082.2
Inheritance of spottiness with different methods of sable breeding
G.A. Kuznetsov, E.G. Sergeev
Summary. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of spottiness inheritance of sables. The result analysis of spot sable reproduction was conducted in fur farm “Pushkinskij” in Moscow region in 2006-2009. Spottiness expression was evaluated on the head, body, legs and tail on a 5-point scale (1 point to the lack of the sign, 5 points to the maximum expression). There were studied two types of breeding: spotty “in-itself” and hybridization with sables of standard colour.
When breeding spotty parents “in-itself” the expressiveness of the sign at cubs compared with parents is not definite. The analysis of equidistributed estimate of both parents and offspring for each topographical section found, that the most spottiness index on a body, tail and legs (by 0.68, 0.19, and 0.08 points) is typical for offspring, on a head (by 0.08 points) – for parents. Consequently, the size of spots on the hair of sables is a quantitative indication and inherits by intermediate mode. In four years 269 offspring were obtained in crossbreeding, including 130 descendants without spots and 139 spotty descendants. From them 169 offspring were registered by spotty fathers, and 87 ones (51.5 %) were spotty. One hundred cubs were obtained by spotty mothers, and 52.0 % of them were spotty. It indicates the conditionality of spottiness by dominant mutation in heterozygous state. The highest correlation coefficient values are typical for pairs “body-legs” in both types of crossing (0.71 and 0.42) and in combined crosses (0.66), suggesting that they have similar hereditary basis. Therefore, other things being equal, preference should be given to individuals who have a well-developed spottiness concurrently on the body and legs, when breeding for spottiness increase.
Keywords: Sable, colour, spottiness, reproduction, inheritance.

UDK 636.93
Diversity color of ferrets hair 
G.A. Fedoseeva
Summary. The polecat belongs to the family marten`s (Mustelidae), genera polecat`s (Mustela). At fur farms they rase polecats being obtained asa result of maling the wild black polecat and domesticated furo. The polecats inherited from the black the color type of the fur coat, and from the furo – the calm disposition and good female`s grades. In the first years they used for production in captivity both the furo and hybrid polecat. At present the furo is not really bred due to clearly expressed yellow shade of the coloration. In the herd of any farm where ferrets are bred there are individuals from light cream to bright orange color and some transitional color forms. During the color grading animals with orange underfur of various intensity were considered as golden type animals; with gray underfur – as nacreous type. Heritage of pastel color of ferrets hair. About heritage of silver color of ferrets hair. 
As a result of researches it is established that golden and nacreous polecats have one genotip the main coloring, and the imenchivost of expressiveness of golden or nacreous tones is caused by polygenes. The gene causing pastelevy coloring, is allely a gene of white coloring and domination incomplete dominates over it, but: homozygous pastelevy polecats can be distinguished from heterozygotic on more dark coloring of omission. Silvery coloring of omission at polecats is caused by poligenes. Polecats with a big spottiness are prepotent homozygotes, and with small – heterozygotes.
Keywords: ferrets, color, a variety, inheritance, variability.

UDK 636.-92+636.93.082.2
Prospects of genetic marker use in breeding of fur-producing animals and rabbits
L.G. Markovich, E.A. Tinaeva, N.I. Kulikova
Summary. Studies were carried out to assess the possibility of utilization of blood group polymorphic systems for increase the breeding efficiency of different fur-producing animals and rabbits. For genotype characterization five polymorphic systems of blood proteins were used: albumin (Al), postalbumin (PA), transferring (Tf), posttransferrin of blood serum and hemoglobin (Hb) of blood erythrocytes. The investigation results of gene pool features of minks of three colours (1165 head), sable population (2000 head), polecats of three colour types (366 head), marmots (250 head), rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla breed (955 males from seven populations). Polymorphism of studied systems of blood proteins makes it possible to use them as markers for breeding process, and also for origin control of all studied species of fur-producing animals and rabbits. In addition, a link between some blood protein systems with productive indications of sables, marmots and rabbits, with colour types of polecats.
Keywords: polymorphism, minks, sables, polecats, rabbits, marmots.

UDK 636.92.082.2
Calculation of heterosis efficiency on elemental and complex economic characters in rabbit breeding
N.I. Tinaev
Summary. Under the current evaluation of economic characters in rabbit breeding it is quite difficult to compare heterosis effect of hybrids per one rabbit or a litter and to choose the most optimal variant of crossing. Measuring of accountable characteristics in rubles allows developing the universal methodology for comparative evaluation of heterosis effect in hybrids, both on elemental economic characters, and on their complex. During the work it was determined the young yield, live weight of animals, carcass weight, slaughter weight yield, size and quality of skins, actual cost of feed per head and litter until the age of implementation (120 days). The test of developed methodology by way of example of littermate half-sibs purebred and hybrid young rabbits of Serebristy and Kalifornijskaya breeds showed, that maximum heterosis is possible for viability, live and slaughter weight, and feed cost, but for slaughter weight yield and skin quality it is insignificant. Heterosis over a range of economic characters provided additional product per head to the sum of 46.19 rubles, per hybrid litter – 286.4 rubles.
Keywords: rabbit, breed, hybrid, purebred young, comparative evaluation of heterosis on elemental and complex economic characters, heterosis effect.

UDK 636.934.57.082.2.
Selection method for replacement young minks according to feed use efficiency
K.V. Kharlamov, T.M. Demina, O.V. Rastimeshina, N.M. Tsepkov
Summary. It is possible to improve selection level of replacement young minks according to feed use efficiency with pair keeping, if slightly change the traditional selection method. The size of each animal should be evaluated, taking into account the size of its “partner” in the cage, i.e. enter a correction. In this case the ranks of pedigree value change, and the selection is better. This makes it possible to improve quality of pair selection for rut, the principle of which is “the best with the best”. The developed method for selection of replacement young minks according to feed use efficiency ensures the feed cost increase by live weight growth – up to 9...10 %, class composition of replacement young – up to 9...17 %, amount of well littered females – up to 5...6 %, output of cubs per female of the basic herd – by 12 %, safety of cubs before registration – by 4...5 %.
Keywords: mink, feed costs, feed payment, selection, live weight, skin area

UDK 636.083:(619:579)
Comparative effectiveness estimation of some probiotic strains of Escherichia coli in experimental disbiosis and toxicoinfection 
Yu.E. Kozlovsky, А.N. Ovcharova, V.А. Petrova, I.V. Plugina, S.A. Pustovalov, A.Yu. Petnikov, T.I. Khomyakova, A.D. Magomedova, N.F. Chertovich 
Summary. The aim of the work was a comparative investigation of influence of probiotic strains on animal gut microbiom recovery in experimental antibiotic-induced disbiosis and toxicoinfection. The probiotic preparations were created on the base of indigene and transitory Escherichia coli strains. An indigene strain based probiotic was shown to possess a higher colonization activity in comparence with a transitore strain based. It apparently provides a high protective activity against toxin-producing bacteria in an acute experiment. Both probiotic strains stimulated gut microbiome recovery. The stimulation was more expressive in the case of the indigene strain based preparation. The prolonged influence of indigene strain based probiotic on the composition of gut microflora of experimental animals and its particular components was shown too.
Keywords: probiotics, normoflora, disbacteriosis, indigene strains, Escherichia coli.

UDK 636.93
Using of chorionic gonadotropin for stimulation of reproductive function of marmot females
K.B. Kharlamov, G.A. Fedoseeva, I.E. Chernova
Summary. A development of marmot breeding in captivity is complicated by late puberty of animals (more than 70% of animals begin to breed in 3-years old). Most of the females breed ones in two years or for 5-6 years stays free of offspring. The aim of our work is to establish the effect of CG on the reproductive capacity of marmot females to investigate the possibility of increasing the reproductive capacity. Before we had some objectives: to study the effect of CG on the reproductive ability of marmot females of different ages; to determine the effect of different doses of CG on the reproductive ability of marmot females. The work was carried out on the marmot farm of OAO «Plemzavod «Pushkinskiy», Moscow region. Opening of the cages were made February 1. At this time the test of loops in females and testes in males was conducted. The method of vaginal smears was used for monitoring of the development of the estrous cycle (stage of wish and ovulation) after the end of hibernation from along with an estimate of the outer loop changes and behavior of females. It was formed two groups of animals with different doses of the drug CG: Group 1 – 100 IU: Group 2 – 200 IU. The drug was injected once in the assessment of loop in 5 points and under smear in the stage of estrus. Experimental data on the reproductive capacity of marmot females with using CG were obtained. As a result of researches it is establiched that application of CG makes positive impact on reproductive ability of groundhogs. Fertility at the females processed by CG made 4,77, at not processed – 3,0 puppies. 4,22 and 2,44 puppies are registered on safely both breeding a female respectively. CG application during the period estrus promotes receiving an issue from earlier not both breeding females.
Keywords: marmot, reproductive ability, hormonal stimulation, estrus, breeding, fertility.

UDK 636.934.57:(619:616.9)
Pathologico-morphologicalmethod of diagnosing and differential diagnosis of mink helicobacteriosis
I.V. Vasina, A.N. Semikrasova, V.I. Geller
Summary. The aim is to develop ways to diagnose pathologic helikobacteriosis in mink and its differential diagnosis from major disease of the mink.In carrying out the histological studies found atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa in combination with hyperplasia and metaplasia limfollikulyarnoy epithelium. Histological changes in helikobacteriosis in burrows are mainly characterized as a chronic active gastritis Helicobacter pylori, which is manifested metaplasia of the epithelium, infiltration of the lamina propria and epithelium of the gastric mucosa by plasma cells, T and B lymphocyte infiltration of the interstitial connective tissue of a large number of neutrophil components, congestive hyperemia and edema submucosa of the plate. In the presence of erosions in the antrum burrows observed defects in the epithelial layer of the epithelium with necrobiotic changes mainly at the top of the rollers. Erosion at the edges of single-layer columnar epithelium of the mucous membrane and its own fully lysed (clumps of chromatin, the protein detritus). In some cases, there was a perivascular edema and stasis of red blood cells. In marked active Helicobacter-associated gastric mucosal colonization of established Helicobacter. On histological sections stained with methylene blue, helicobacter identified as curved rods. For Helicobacter is characterized by the location of microbes in the mucus on the epithelium and lumen of pits in the vicinity of the epithelium. In some cases, antral gastric ulcer burrows were found. In the submucosal layer of loose connective tissue submucosa contains extensive inflammatory infiltrates. The liver showed signs of chronic portal, periportal and parenchymal hepatitis: around triads plasma cell and lymphocytic infiltration and edema, and central veins sublobular expanded around edema and lymphoid infiltration, vacuolar and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, sometimes beams of the structure of hepatocytes is broken, in the lobules of small lymphoid infiltrates. In the pancreas also have been significant violations: diskompleksatsiya end department acini, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, growth of connective tissue between the acini. In the course of the excretory ducts of lymphoid infiltration and vacuolization of the cytoplasm of epithelial ducts.
Keywords: helikobacteriosis, mink, histology, morbid anatomy, gastritis, stomach.

UDK 636.2:619:616.155.392
Virus-genetic aspects of bovine leukemia virus (BVL)
P.N. Smirnov, N.V. Bateneva
Summary. In article are reflected hypotheses of geographical distribution of a virus and also are reflected viralgenetics aspects bovine leukemia virus. Features of a clinical course BLV at animals red steppe breed, holstein frisian breed and ayrshire breed of cows. Search of possible communication between a genotype BLV and breed of «owner» (carrier) of a virus infection. Virus genotypes BLV a horned cattle on two genes – gag and env, circulating on a livestock of cattle of economy of Krasnodar territory and the Novosibirsk region are established. Results of PСR-diagnostics and the RFLP -analysis are presented.
Keywords: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), gag gene, env gene, genotyping, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).

UDK 636.033:636.22
Effect of industrial crossing at slaughter and meat quality of calves
I.Р.Prohorov, O. А.Kalmykova
Summary. Both quantitative and qualitative indices of beef productivity in purebred black-and-white and cross bull-calves, obtained by means of industrial crossing with beef Simmental of german selection, have been studied during the experiment. It has been established that both crosses and purebred bull-calves, raised according to the scheme “cow-calf”, have bigger pre-slaughter live weight, being 15 months old, by 23,0% and by 13.1% than black-and-white calves, raised through beef production  technology used in dairy animal husbandry. The heaviest carcasses are obtained after cross bull-calves slaughter – 245.3 kg, which is by 40.7 kg (19.9%) higher than in purebred bull-calves raised through a sucker calf method and by 57.9 kg (30.9%) higher than is purebred ones raised by “hand” watering method. Cross-breeds differ in maximum slaughter output – 59.2%, flesh and fat content in a half-carcass – 79.6%, fleshiness coefficient being 4.47. Both industrial crossing use and beef production technological solution allow to obtain beef of higher quality. In beef sample of cross and black-and-white calves, fattened according to the system “cow-calf”, higher  protein specific gravity – 20.73% and 19.72%, fat – 12.31% and 10.32%, better gustatory quality of both beef and broth are observed.
Keywords: meat productivity, crosses, bull-calves, live weight, slaughter yield, beefiness coefficient, chemical meet content, meet tasting.

UDK 636. 2.082.2
Economic-useful qualities of animals of ankatinsky factory type of Kazakh white-headed breed
A.B. Achmetalieva, K.K. Bozymov, E.G. Nasambaev, R.K. Abganov
Summary. Prominent features of animals of ankatinsky factory type, different by expressed meat forms of constitution, wide and deep trunk, with well developed muscles, rather massive gammons, and powerful forward part of trunk with developed dewlap are considered in the article.
Keywords: factory type, live weight, calving interval, selection, genotype, meat forms, crossing, genofund, selection, reproductive ability, assortment.

UDK 636.2.03
Improved methods of milking process for improving properties of increasing udder and milk productivity of cows
O.S. Chechenihina
Summary. The results of studies on the functional properties of the udder black and white breed with different krovnostyu of Holstein in the translation of a three-time milking twofold. Decrease in daily milk yield was found in the group of mixed blood of 10.7% in the group with the 63rd krovnostyu – by 9.9% in the group with 75 schy krovnostyu – by 7.6%. Time spent on milking cows, the first group decreased by 24.2%, the second group – by 27.5% and the third – by 23.1%. The greatest increase in rate of milk flow was observed in animals with 63% foreign krovnostyu – by 22.9%. The effect of probiotic treatment of udders of cows with a solution of various concentrations of the major indicators of milk production and milk quality. Daily milk yield increased by 2.71 kg in the group of cows treated with a solution of 5% concentration, at 2.46 kg – a solution 2.5% concentration, at 1.01 kg – without handling the udder. The mass fraction of fat and protein in the milk of cows of the groups varied slightly. The number of somatic cells in milk after the probiotic treatment of udders and the solution reduced to the end of the experiment has reached a minimum value – up to 170 thousand / ml.
Keywords: black-and-white breed, the multiplicity of milking, the functional properties of the udder, mastitis, treatment udder, milk yield.

UDK 636.1:636.
Use of horses Kabarda and Karachai breeds in leisure horse-breeding
V.A. Zakharov
Summary. The study determined the effectiveness of usage of horses Kabarda and Karachai breeds and their hybrids in leisure horse-breeding in the Northern Caucasus. Sex group ratio, age structure, surveys, colour and HNI types of horses were studied in firm “Nart” farm.
Keywords: leisure horse-breeding, Kabarda breed, Karachai breed, equine tourism, age, sex, colour, surveys.

UDK 636.1.061.082(571.56)
Features of dynamics of changes of alive weight yakut horses in winter time
N. T. Vinokurov, L.N. Vladimirov, V. A. Machakhtyrova
Summary. At the pasturable maintenance of horses the basic problem consists in horse breeding in adverse for an organism of animals and the most long winter period. Quality of wintering of the Yakut horses in many respects depends on ability to keep fatness in long time which reflects a condition of an organism of an animal in this period. The estimation of a condition of horses now is applied by external survey which does not reveal the beginning of losses of alive weight. In result animals are exhausted, that entails increase of quantity of abortions at mares and a withdrawal as young growth, and an adult livestock. At significant losses of alive weight by an animal it is necessary to organize additional feeding. In researches the method of monthly weighings of horses for the first time is applied during the winter period, allowing precisely to supervise changes of a degree of fatness of animals. The purpose of researches is studying dynamics of changes of alive weight of horses of the Yakut breed by monthly weighings during the winter period. As a result of researches it is established, that horses in the age of 7-8 and in 13-14 years it is more appreciable lost alive weight, than in 11-12 years. So, losses of weight at mares in January vary within the limits of 0,8 up to 1,3 % in relation to autumn weight in November, at stallions - 0,12-0,6 %. The basic livestock began to lose alive weight in March more essential. So, in the age of 7-8 years of loss at mares have made 30,26 kg (6,7 %), in 11-12 years - 26,5 (5,9 %) and in 13-14 years - 28,7 kg (6,2 %) from autumn weight accordingly. Losses at stallions not such significant, than at mares - 20,0 kg (4,56 %), 24,33 kg (4,98 %) and 24,67 kg (5,02 %) accordingly. Proceeding from this, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that stability of horses depends on a floor and age of horses. At the same time, animals who kept average fatness up to yes March not receiving top dressing were revealed.   Also it is necessary to note, that application of a method of monthly weighing of horses allows to conduct the control of changes of a degree of fatness of horses in time тебеневки and to not pass(miss) the beginning of more essential losses of alive weight at complex influence of adverse factors (the charge of stocks of fat, condensation and a thickening of a snow cover, low temperatures, a wind etc.). At such losses were in due time organized top dressing, the quantity of abortions has decreased.
Keywords: the Yakut horse, alive weight, a visual estimation, fatness, weighing.

UDK 629.463
Transport technological support optimization at application of fertilizers on fields
S.V. Shitov, P.V. Tikhonchuk, Z.F. Krivytca 
Summary. Methods for estimating the efficiency of transport and technological maintenance of agricultural production are offered. 
Keywords: technology, transport, energy expenditure, efficiency, crops, fuel consumption.