Tatarstan Institute of retraining in agribusiness
S.A. Sharipov
Summary. Foreign and domestic experience shows that under extreme condition the human factor is on the first place. Management efficiency largely depends on the adaptation to market conditions, knowledge of modern administration principles, initiatives and enterprises of leaders and experts. Whatever technical capabilities and organization and administrative benefits are opened for enterprise, it will not begin to function effectively without appropriate human resources.
Keywords: additional professional education, post-university professional education, refresher training, labor activity, continuing education, peopleware, additional professional education programs, science-based diagnostic, regional development programs for agrarian education.

UDK 631.1:658.1
Problems of an estimation of efficiency of use of factors of manufacture of agrarian and industrial complex 
S.A. Sharipov, G.A. Harisov, P.A. Kolpakov
Summary. In manufacture of agricultural production participate, supplementing and replacing each other, all factors of manufacture. The gross output exit on 1 rouble of industrial expenses most full reflects efficiency of use of factors of manufacture.
Keywords: efficiency, manufacture factors, gross output, agriculture, agriculture, the cost price.

UDK 631.115:631.15
Small agrarian business: concepts, kinds and criterion of their classification
I.G. Gajnutdinov
Summary. In article the essence of small agrarian business, criteria of reference of agricultural commodity producers to small and average business is considered. Measures on perfection of is standard-legal and economic regulation of activity of subjects of small agrarian business are offered.
Keywords: business, small agrarian business, classification, criterion, the state support.

UDK 65.012
Bases of reproduction of material resources in agriculture and the increase of its efficiency reached by definition of priority directions of their use in the course of manufacture
M.M. Sabirov
Summary. The purpose of given article to open the reason of low efficiency of agricultural production at regional level and definitions of priority directions of use of separate kinds of resources in manufacture.
Keywords: The human factor, means of labor and objects of the labor, essence of circulating assets, efficiency of agricultural production, production gain.

UDK 635.145
Expenses on improvement of professional skill of workers of the agricultural organizations, their reflection in the accounting and tax account
I.M. Minnehametova
Summary. In article questions of reflection of expenses under article of improvement of professional skill of workers of the agricultural organizations where they reveal in the organizations of the accounting both tax account and an economic justification of improvement of professional skill are considered. 
Keywords: grouping of expenses, the general system of the taxation, the uniform agricultural tax, documentary acknowledgement of results of improvement of professional skill, tax privileges.

UDK 338. 43. 439: 635. 21 (470.41)
Efficiency of functioning of a grocery subcomplex of a potato of republic Tatarstan
S.V. Vladimirov, P.A. Tchekmaryov, N.M. Jakushkin
Summary. The questions ofstate potato grocery subcomplex of RT, ways to improve production and industry de velopment.
Кeуwords: efficiency, industry structure, market, labor costs, profit.

UDK 339.439.4:633.1
Efficiency of grain production on soil-climatic zones of the republic of Tatarstan
S.A.Sharipov, О.V.Fominа
Summary. In article the condition of manufacture of grain is given and results of five years’ researches on production efficiency of grain on four prirodno-climatic zones of Republic Tatarstan are resulted. 
Keywords: Production efficiency, productivity, a monetary gain, the cost price, prirodno-climatic zones, area.

UDK 631:504.062
Тне influence of intensive system of agriculture on the agroecological condition of lugovo-chernozem soil of southern forest-steppe
Y.V. Axsenova
Summary. The orientation of processes of transformation of a humus state of a lugovo-chernozem soil depending on level of an intensification of systems of agriculture is studied and the assessment of the basic indexes of its agroecological state (the total content of a humus, its qualitative compound, reaction of medium, a compound of exchange cations) is yielded.
Perennial entering of fertilizers into the raised doses (N28P65K28 on 1 hectare the areas) in a combination to the organic is accompanied by increase of a total humus on 0,61-1 % in a layer of 0-20 sm, 0,43-0,77 % in a layer 20-40 sm. In a qualitative compound of a humus the tendency to augmentation of free humic acids in a layer of 20-40 sm on 2,6-4 % is noted. Reaction of medium remains in an interval close to neutral – рН 6,2-6,4 in a layer of 0-20 sm, 6,4-6,8 in a layer 20-40 sm. Compound of exchange cations see has not undergone essential changes, the quantity of exchange calcium estimates as high (31,2-29,5 mg-ekv/100 of g of soil) in a layer of 0-20 sm.
Keywords: a humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, a fractionally-group compound, fertilizers, organic fertilizers.

UDK 631.8;551.4.;671.16
Environmental and economic and technological features of millet cultivation on sloping chernozem Volga
I.F. Medvedev, N.V. Mikhailin, S.V. Brel, S.S. Derevyagin, D.I. Gubarev
Summary. In article results of long-term experience with the analysis of data of efficiency of millet in 6 field grain and steam crop rotation on slopes of chernozems soils of the Right bank of the Saratov area are resulted. Researches have shown, that dominating factors of formation of productivity of millet are, first of all, weather conditions, and also security nutritious elements. In droughty years on weather conditions (the State Customs Committee <0,5) level of productivity of culture was almost in 2 times (92,3 %) more low, than in damp (the State Customs Committee> 0,8). Demonstrable connection and interrelation between weather conditions, a relief and fertilizers is established. On the average by all experience level of productivity of millet on the bottom part of a slope of a southern exposition was on 3,9ts/hectares or 22,9 % above, than on the top part. Irrespective of weather conditions productivity of millet on the fertilised variants was on 3,3 ts/hectares (20,3 %) above, than on variants without application of fertilizers. However in droughty conditions (the State Customs Committee <0,5) the increase was on 9,4 % more low, than in more humidified years (the State Customs Committee> 0,8). Thus efficiency of mineral fertilizers was above, than at entering organic and organic-mineral fertilizers (manure straw + nitric fertilizers). However the greatest level of profitability as in damp (57-138 %), and in dry years (15-36 %) is reached from straw entering into a complex with mineral fertilizers.
Keywords: terrain, weather, productivity, profitability, millet, black-earth soil.

UDK 633.16.631.82
Yields of sorghum depending on tillage method and fertilizers under condition of forest-steppe of the Volga region
V.N. Fomin, M.M. Nafikov, I.Z.Valiev 
Summary. In article materials of researches on influence of various ways of the basic processing of ground, mineral fertilizers, and straw on productivity grain sorghum grades Perespektivnaya-1 are stated. Experiences are lead in Western in Tatarstan on alkaline chernozem. For the decision of tasks in view the two-factorial field experiment is spent where 4 ways of the basic processing of soil (plowing PN-4-35 were studied; processing КP-3,8; КPSH-5 and zero processing). Experience is spent on 4 kinds a food: 1. Without fertilizers (control) 2. Calculation on 4 t/hectares 3. Straw + NPK 4. Straw + siderat + NPK. The Research objective was studying of influence of ways of the basic processing of soil and various systems of fertilizers on a contamination and productivity сорго. On the average for three years, the greatest productivity of grain сорго straw + siderat + NPK to plowing – 42 ts/hectares is received on a variant. The lowest – 13,0 ts/hectares productivity сорго is received on not fertilized background, at «zero» processing. In a variant where straw was simultaneously brought, siderat and NPK by all variants of processing of soil by the fiber maintenance has increased with 9,13 to 11,44 %, at the fiber maintenance on control of 7,44-8,00 %. Entering of mineral fertilizers raised the fiber maintenance on a settlement background from 8,69 to 8,84 and in a variant straw + NPK from 8,75 to 9,11 %. All studied receptions of the basic processing of ground except for separate plowing assisted in all years of researches sowing grain sorghum. Entering of mineral fertilizers, grain straw increased weight of weed plants. Among weed plants prevailed annual plants.
Keywords: the grain sorghum, the ways of the basic processing, the contamination, the incrustation, the mineral fertilizers, the straw, the water consumption, the granule metric structure of ground, the productivity
UDK 633.11/.14«324»:632.51
Contamination of winter wheat and rye crops in depending on fertilizer system
V.I. Kargin, A.A. Erofeev, I.A. Latyshova, A.G. Makarenkina, N.A. Perov
Summary. The article is devoted to the research of weeds and winter crops interrelation under different doses of mineral fertilizers. Field experiment showed that weeds number and their mass changed according to meteorological conditions and mineral fertilizers application. In 2011 versus dramatically dry year of 2010 the number of weeds increased in 4-11% within early spring vegetation period, in 33-47% during earing phase and in 18-53% during harvesting. Significant increase of their number during all the vegetation phase of winter crops has been noted under mineral fertilizers influence. It has been found, however, weeds number increasing under mineral fertilizer application didn’t increase their mass. During research it was established that there were dwarf weeds presence on well-cultivated leached black soils under last (from 1974 till 1996) mineral fertilizer application for winter rye. Weeds raped being 2,5-4 cm high and formed from 8 to 12 achenes. 
Keywords: winter wheat, winter rye, mineral fertilizers, biopreparations, weed varieties, weeds mass and quantaty.

UDK 633.19
Seed quality and yield of spring wheat
R.I. Belkina, E.A. Kuznetsova
Summary. The article presents results of a study of seed-effect of different planting dates grown in the agro-climatic zones of the Tyumen region, the yield of spring wheat varieties. At the highest yield aftereffect provided seeds grown in the northern forest-steppe at sowing in mid-May. Economic evaluation of the influence of seed-effect on the productivity of spring wheat varieties showed that early maturing varieties Iren largest profit obtained in the form of seeds from the northern steppe (item Ishim) of the second period of sowing – 15 265 rub./ha, the margin was 155%. For middle-class Omsk 36 largest profit obtained in the form of seeds from the northern steppe (item Ishim) of the second period of sowing – 17 410 rub./ha, 176% profitability. Seeds are sown in the third period of the aftereffect is much reduced economic indicators: profitability is lower compared with the option of a «second sowing date» on 30-103%.
Keywords: wheat, variety, germination, growth force, productivity, profits, profitability.

UDK 631. 81:635. 21:631.445. 25 (470. 40/43)
Equation of elements of a food and efficiency of a potato on gray wood soilof forest-steppe of the Average Volga region
K.V. Vladimirov, V.N. Fomin, P.A .Chekmarew
Summary. The effect of different doses of fertilizers on the background of micronutrients on yield, dry matter content and quality of potato varieties Wizard.
Keywords: fertilizers, micronutrients, yield, tuber quality, dry matter, starch, nitrates, vitamin C.

UDK 633.854.78:631.5:571.15
Sunflower cultivation in Alejsko-rubtsovsk steppe of Altay territory
V.I. Ryabtsev, E.G. Deryanova, V.P. Oleshko
Summary. Influence of a variety (hybrid), ways of crops and usage of chemical protection frames of plants on sunflower productivity are described in article. At the dotted sowing the sunflower forms 317-804 seeds in a basket with weight of 1000 grains 44,8-61,3 g, and at sowing in a row – 227-507 pieces and 41,6-54,1 g accordingly. In the conditions of Alejsko-Rubtsovsky steppe of Altay territory the productivity of sunflower on 50 % is defined by use in care for crops of herbicides, on 18 % – variety / a hybrid, on 13 % – way of sowing. The most productivity and the common sunflower oil gathering are achieved by dotted sowing of hybrids with Treflan (5 l/ ha) before planting and, where appropriate, Fyuzilad Forte (1 l/ga) – 1,56-1,83 t/ha and 0,78-0,95 t/ha accordingly, and the best economic result because of high cost of hybrids seeds – at the cultivation of varieties where profitability reaches 221 %. 
Keywords: Alejsko-Rubtsovsk steppe, sunflower, a variety, a hybrid, single-grain sowing, sowing in drills, herbicide, Treflan, Fjuzilad Forte.

UDK 634.135.581.163
Stimulative haploidy in pear
E.A. Dolmatov, V.E. Dzhafarova, G.A. Sedysheva
Summary. Stimulative apomixis in pear and its use for obtaining haploids was investigated. The results of this investigation are given in this paper. 
It was stated that a substantial part of pear varieties (over 50%) from the used ones in that experiment under the non-performed remote hybridization with representatives of other lines of Pommoideae subfamily was capable to form seeds of apomictic origin. In most cases they resulted in diploid plants. Their number rather depended on the genotypic peculiarities of the maternal plant and in certain combinations it might reach 25% from a number of pollinated flowers. 
Genotypes having the highest possible inclination to the apomixis were singled out: 29-4, 40-4, ‘Bretfelps’, 24-50-98, 24-59-255, ‘Belorusskaya pozdnia’, ‘Maikopskaya krasavitsa’, ‘Druzhba’ and others.
Having used genetic markers we discovered that embryo sacks, in which meiosis occurred, initiated apomictic seeds. Actually, all plants had a diploid set of chromosomes but only one was a haploid. It should be noted that haploid and diploid occurring in the progenies of pear varieties was stipulated by one and the same process terminating on different stages. In the first case, a haploid ovule started dividing and initiated a haploid plant. In the second case, the restoration of diploidy occurred as a result of the first division of a parthenogenetically developing haploid ovule.
On the second stage with the aim of haploid output increasing, the immature apomictic seeds were extracted from ovaries of 55-60 days old and were cultivated in vitro. 9 samples from the combination ‘Belorusskaya pozdnia’ x Chaenomeles Japanese were studied cytologically. The majority of samples in the somatic cells had a diploid set of chromosomes (2n=2x=34); and only in two samples – № 1 and №8 – in certain points of growth there was noted a presence of metaphase plates with a chromosome number of 17, i.e. haploid. It should be noted that in sample № 1 the haploid set of chromosomes was noticed in epidermal cells. In sample № 8 in two cases in meristematic cells were noticed only metaphases with 17 chromosomes; and in other two cases were noticed both haploid metaphases and diploid ones. Probably, the two latter samples were chimaeras.
Keywords: stimulative parthenogenesis, haploid.

UDK 634.2:631.52 (471.63)
Breeding improvement assortment sweet cherry and cherry – a basis for increase its production in the Southern region
E.M. Alehina, Y.A. Dolya
Summary. Results of work on high-quality improvement of a sweet cherry and a cherry are presented. The priority direction is allocated, allowing to combine in one grade high adaptability to conditions of cultivation with high commodity and consumer qualities of fruits. Use of grades badly adapted for conditions of cultivation without their biological abilities, with low adaptive potential and low level of realization of economic efficiency serves as a principal cause of decrease in productivity of exacting cultures to ecological conditions which the sweet cherry and a cherry concern. Basic elements of technology of selection of these cultures are methods of the remote and interhigh-quality hybridization, clonal selection and induced mutagenesis.  Crucial importance at grade creation has selection of parental pairs for a phenotype and a genotype, positive signs possessing a complex. At the heart of researches all-round studying of an initial material on the cores economic – to valuable signs and allocation of hereditary forms for practical use lies.  Calculation of negative temperatures for the long period of carrying out. Researches have allowed to establish optimum and critical temperatures for the long period of carrying out. Researches have allowed to establish optimum and critical temperatures for various phenological phases of development of grades of a sweet cherry and a cherry which serve as initial indicators at allocation of winter-hardy grades and hybrids. Value much indication is shown a genetic collection for creation of new grades. As a result of selection work selection ways on improvement of economic-valuable signs are defined, grades and hybrids for the further selection use are allocated.  The complex estimation of an initial genetic material has allowed to create a series of the new grades meeting modern requirements of intensive gardens and creating the conveyor of high-quality fruits. On a sweet cherry - grades of early term of maturing: Caucasian, Caucasian improved, Sashenka, Morning of Kuban, the Madonna; an average: Ruby Kuban, Southern, Velvet, the Magician; the late: Contrast, the Poppy, Scarlet; cherries - early term of maturing: Kubanochka, среднераннего - Kirina, Kazachka, average: Nostra, Aleksa.  These grades surpass in a number of signs existing сортимент and form a basis for the further improvement of industrial gardens.
Keywords: Sweet cherry, cherry, assortment, stone fruit cultures, donors, sources, productivity, selection, investigation.

UDK 635.9:631.529.631.527
The introduction of Gemus cornus l. & Berberis l. In conditions of Altai region
V.A. Pugath, V.I. Usenko
Summary. Under condition of forest-steppe of Altai Territory it were studied the specifics of overwintering of relatively warm (2009), very severe (2010) and severe (2011) winters, the start of vegetation and flowering and was valued the decorativeness in phase of mass blossoming of different varieties of ornamental deciduous shrubs, such as Cornus alba L. (Argenteomarginata, Variegata, Spaethii), Cornus stolonifera (Flaviramea), Berberis thunbergii DS. (Bonanza Gold, Goldalita, Grin Carpet, Kobold, Maria, Red Pillar, Helmond Pillar, Erecta) and Berberis ottawensis (Aurikoma, Superba). Plant varieties Cornus alba Argenteomarginata, Variegata, Spaethii winter without damage throughout the years. Plants Cornus stolonifera variety Flaviramea and undersized varieties Berberis thunbergii Bonanza Gold, Grin Capit, Goldalita, Kobold and Berberis ottawensis Aurikoma are damaged from 0 to 4 points depending on the degree of snow cover. The taller varieties Berberis thunbergii Maria, Red Pillar, Helmond Pillar, Erecta and Berberis ottawensis Superba had damaged up to 4...5 points, and with uneven distribution of snow the isolated bushes were destroyed by frost up to soil level (6 points). The beginning of the breaking of buds was in close time (average April, 23-28), but the beginning of flowering was more extended – from May, 24-29 (Berberis thunbergii Grin Carpet, Red Pillar, Helmond Pillar, Erecta, Maria, Superba and Kobold) to June, 4-5 (specimens of Cornus alba and Cornus stolonifera). Among Berberis varieties Bonanza Gold, Goldalita and Aurikoma did not blossom. Only varieties Berberis ottawensis Superba and Cornus stolonifera Flaviramea were notable for high ornamentality (6...7 points) in phase of mass flowering, and the other varieties were notable for zero or weak one. Depending on winter hardiness and decorativeness of blossoming the recommendations for using of examined varieties in gardening were given.
Keywords: Cornus, Berberis, winter damage, the vegetation beginning, the flowering beginning, decorative effect.

UDK 633.522: 632.93: 631.53.01
Efficiency of preseeding processing of seeds monoecious hemp of the sowing
V.A Serkov, I.I. Pluzhnikova
Summary. In the article efficiency of preseeding processing of seeds nonnarkotic variety an monoecious hemp cultivar Surskaja by fungicids and a regulator of growth are given. Influence of the preparations on qualitative and quantitative parameters of a yield of seeds, straw and fibres of hemp are established. In the Middle Volga region preseeding processing agents Fundazol, SP (2 kg/t) and TMTD, SP (3 kg/m) reduced the incidence of root rots on 9,7 and 14,8% and increased field germination of seeds on 11,5 and 16,5%. The use of disinfectants shaped seed yield increase on 6-8% and straw – on 6-12%, without compromising their quality. Plant growth regulator Albite showed fungicidal effect in suppressing root rot, infestation reduced the disease on 7,1% and increased field germination of seeds on 18%.
Keywords: hemp sowing monoecious, nonnarcotic variety, system of protection of plants, fungicids, regulators of growth, disease resistance.

UDK 633.34
Modification under the sri prroduktivnosti the influence of temperature stressor
T.P. Khayrulina, P.V. Tikhonchuk
Summary. Investigated the effect of high and low-temperature stress on biometrics and G.max G.soja. Studies indicate that the greatest decline in productivity occurs during long-term effect of high positive temperatures regardless of the period of plant development and operation of low positive temperatures on soybean plants is less significant, but the effects of stress in phase boboobrazovaniya led to a reduction in the maximum yield.
Keywords: soja, low-temperature stress, heat shock, biometrics. 

UDK 581.5
Accumulation of heavy metals grain legumes in agricultural landscapes Volga Samara
N.M. Trots, V.B. Trots, S.V. Obuschenko
Summary. The article presents data on the characteristics of accumulation and the nature of the localization of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn in plants pea (Pisum sativum) and soybean (Glycine hishida) confirming that the agro-ecological conditions of the Samara Volga allows you to create phytomass grain legume with a concentration of heavy metals is much lower than the MPC. With the advancement of pea crops from north to south, and a typical black soil humus content in the plants of southern Zn, Cu, Co and Mn is reduced by an average of 14,9...32,0%, while Cd and Pb increased by 1,3 ... 2,0-fold compared with plants grown on leached chernozem. The bulk of the absorbed by plants of Cd, Pb and Co, as the pea northern zone and southern deposited in the underground phytomass. As the stem gets an average of 1,3 ... 3,0 times, and beans in 2,1 ... 6,4 times less toxic than the root. However, Zn, Cu and Mn in relatively large quantities are being transported to the generative organs, which is obviously due to the physiological needs of plants and their participation in the synthesis of macromolecular compounds (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), and, Mn - to a greater extent.
Soya bean with almost equal amounts of peas absorption of Zn and Mn in the same agrousloviyah, almost 2,0 times more absorbing Cd, 1,2 times - Cu and 1,3 times - So. However, with respect to Pb soybean exhibits selectivity by accumulating its 18,5% smaller than peas. The total amount of metals accumulated up to 51,56 mg per 1 kg of air dry biomass, which is 2,6% less than in pea. Just like the peas, the maximum number of elements, except Mn, soy isolates in the root system and only a small fraction of Cd, Pb and Co is able to overcome the "biological barriers" and migrate to the beans. The accumulation of Mn, Zn and Cu in the aerial part is largely subject to the laws identified in pea, a significant number of them present in the beans.
Keywords: heavy metals; metallotaksiny, peas, soybeans, black earth, phytomass, dry matter, stem, root, accumulation.

UDK 633.2.03
Efficiency of the low-cost hay-land’s and pasture’s improvement methods
A.A. Kutuzova, K.N. Privalova 
Summary. In the article are responded main scientifically based surface economical efficiency indexes of the low-cost improvement methods and technologies of the natural and old-sown grass-stand which provided the productivity rising in 1,5-2,0 times without capital investment, area maintenance practically without break in the agricultural usage.
To the low-cost methods of the surface improvement methods belong: fertilizing, grass-stands compound enrichment by the grasses reseeding, accumulated in the sod nutrient’s mobilization by meadow rejuvenation, hay-land’s and pasture’s weed control, herbage rational system, including on the base of the paddock way of grazing. 
Keywords: fertilization, grass’s reseeding into the sod, grass-stand renovation, weed control, cost’s efficiency.

UDK 631.584.5:633.15:635.65:631.8
Joint crops maize with legumes in the republic of Tatarstan
V.N. Fomin, I.R. Minazov
Summary. Questions of joint cultivation of corn with bean cultures in polyspecific crops in Republic Tatarstan represent the big scientific and practical interest. For the task in view decision the two-factorial field experiment is spent. The experience scheme included: pure crops of corn and polyspecific crops of corn with bean cultures, such as peas, a soya and fodder beans. Studied cultures and mixes were put on 4 kinds of a food: 1. Without fertilizers (control); 2. Fertilizers for a planned crop of 5 thousand fodder units about 1 hectare; 3. Fertilizers for a planned crop of 6 thousand fodder units about 1 hectare; 4. Fertilizers for a planned crop of 7 thousand fodder units about 1 hectare. Researches of three years have shown that a top yield of green weight one-specific crops of corn against a food calculated for the planned crop of 7 thousand of fodder units about 1 hectare, (provide 33,88 t/hectares). A little below (33,15 t/hectares) on the same background productivity in a double mix corn + a soya is received. On the third place there was a mix corn + fodder beans where about 1 hectare it is collected 31,81 t/hectares of green weight. However security 1 quantity of units recooking a protein most the greatest was in a double mix (corn + a soya) and made depending on level of a mineral food 113,88-118,84/ quantity of units, on the second place there was a mix (corn + peas), where these indicators have made accordingly 101,59-102,90/ quantity of units the lowest (53,97-60,68 g/ quantity of units) security of fodder unit a protein was in pure crops of corn. Taking into account productivity of green weight and security of fodder unit recooking a protein we recommend to manufacture the mixed crops of corn with a soya.
Keywords: mixed crops, corn, legumes, nutrition, water use, plant height, productivity.

UDK 633.2/.3:631.8:631.55
Productivity of one-specific crops of meadow grasses depending on a mineral food
N.M. Belous, J.A. Anishina, E.V. Smolskij
Summary. In article results of meadow experience on studying of influence of mineral fertilizers on efficiency and a recoupment of cultivation of one-specific crops of long-term grasses are presented. It is revealed that along with optimum weather conditions a necessary condition of reception of big crops is regular entering of full mineral fertilizer. The greatest recoupment of an increase of a crop from 119,2 to 129,2 kg depending on a kind of grasses is found out at entering N90Р60К90.
Keywords: one-specific crops, productivity, fodder grounds, mineral fertilizers.

UDK 636.085.16 : 636.4.082.12
Influence a fodder additive of ekstrafit on reproductive qualities of a sow
V.N. Shilov
Summary. For the purpose of studying of influence of feeding of a fodder additive of «Ekstrafit» on gemotologichal, biochemical parameters of blood and indicators of their reproductive ability of pigs by a principle of analogs taking into account their age and live weight have generated 2 groups of a single uterus, on 15 goals in everyone. With an animal of control group fed full regime mixed fodder. Pigs of skilled group in addition to economic feeding received a fodder additive of «Ekstrafit» in number of 10 % from forage solid. A preparation entered into a diet within 40 days. Experience proceeded 124 days. Introduction of a fodder additive of «Ekstrafit» in a diet to the single sows who are in a phase of rest and preparations for insemination, caused increase within physiological norm of the maintenance of hemoglobin on 8,0 % (Р <0,05) and quantities eritrotsits on 6,5 % (Р <0,5) in comparison with analogs of control group. In whey of blood of sows of skilled group concentration alkaline fosfatazes has raised and amilazes accordingly on 68,7 and 58,9 % (Р <0,05), level of activity of AlAT and AsAT was authentically more low accordingly on 19,4 and 10,2 % (Р <0,05) in comparison with animals of control group. Inclusion in a diet of a fodder additive from an amaranth raised reproductive abilities of sows, reduced no productively pigs on 26,7 %, increased many birth rate by 1,6 %, raised number of viable pigs on 5,0 % and them largely birth rate on 9,0 %.
Keywords: biological active additives from an amaranth, morphological and biochemical indicators of blood, insemination of pigs, quantity of pigs, weight of pigs.

UDK 636.4.085
Influence of preparations of selenium and iodine in the combination with probiotic on nutrients in the diet repair of young growth of pigs 
S.N. Rassolov
Summary. Biologically active substances, in particular microcells and probiotic, are widely applied in feeding of agricultural animals for the purpose of normalization of digestive and exchange processes, and also stimulation of increase of their productive qualities. It is known that for an absorption of selenium and iodine the great value has РН environments of contained intestines in which regulation the microflora takes part. Besides, selenium possesses properties prebiotic. Probiotic and prebiotic lead to essential increase and comprehensibility of nutrients of a diet, reduce number of pathogenic microorganisms. On pigs in this area it is enough research. In the experience spent on young growth of pigs, it is shown that unitary introduction of a preparation sedimin against probiotic Sib Mos the conditions of a scarce diet on selenium and iodine, has positively affected increase nutrients in their diet. So, factors solid were above 2,80 %, organic substance have raised on 1,77 %, factors a crude protein were above on 1,61 %, crude fat on 1,88 %, a crude cellulose on 3,30 %, nitrogen-free extractives on 1,21 %.
Keywords: pigs, probiotic, selenium, iodine, factors mastering, ration. 

UDK 636.088:636.4:636.085.16
Meat efficiency of pigs at use in a diet of a fodder additive from an amaranth
V.N. Shilov
Summary. The purpose of our work was studying of influence of a fodder additive of «Ekstrafit» on quantity and quality of meat production. From pigs at 4-month’s age have generated control and skilled groups. Feeding lasted 123 days. Animals of control group throughout experience received mixed fodder. To pigs of skilled group in addition to a diet fed a fodder additive of «Ekstrafit» in number of 10 % from forage solid. In the end of feeding have spent control slaughter of pigs, characteristic for experimental groups. Use in feeding of pigs a hydrolysate of a grassy flour from an amaranth promoted increase of qualities of feeding. At end of feeding of pigs of skilled group on live weight exceeded on 12,5 % (Р <0,05) control. The muscular fabric of pigs, a phytogenesis additive, possesses the best chemical and commodity-technical characteristics to what testify the high maintenance of solid (28,54 %), the squirrel (22,4 %), moisture-holding ability (60,86 %). The analysis of a percentage parity of the hulk of pigs has shown that the greatest share in structure of the hulk was occupied with a gammon (30,07-32,64 %) and a scapular part (30,81-32,61 %). On their share it was necessary more than 60 % from weight of the hulk.
Keywords: control slaughter, meat efficiency of pigs, a meat chemical compound, technological properties of pork, biological active additives from an amaranth.

UDK 636.3.03.
Creation meat- fur coat of sheeps in type romano breeds with the raised viability and meat efficiency
A.M. Zhiryakov, V.G.Dvalishvili, V.A.Bagirov, L.I.Kaplinskaya, V.D. Milchevskiy, G.A.Magomedov, V.P.Shikalova
Summary. The procedure of creation meat- fur coat of sheep in type romanov breeds is resulted, of studying of efficiency of use of a forage, reproductive qualities, meat and wool efficiency of animals of new type, as well as them skin-wool a cover, biochemistry of blood. It is established that the case meat- fur coat of lambs has made 18,4 %, against 26,1 % at romanov. The weight of the hulk at meat- fur coat lambs in comparison with romanov has increased by 12,5 %, pulp – meat – on 11,3 %, fat of the hulk on 23,3 %, factor meat on 7,3 %, the area of a muscular eye on 26,4 %, and diameter of fatty cages on 28,2 %. The wool cover of sheep meat- fur coat of type meets the requirements of the standard of 1 class for animals romanov breed. At the same time they differ more thin awn (on 27,2 %), thick down (on 8,7 %) and the high maintenance of transitive hair (18,2 % against 9,4 % at romanov animals).
Keywords: romanov, meat-fur coat, sheep, crossing, fruitfulness, viability, meat efficiency, skin-wool a cover, follicles, muscular, fatty, a fabric, biochemistry, blood, quality of a wool.

UDK 636.2.237.23(571.150)
The characteristic of Altai red steppe cattle
V.V. Ilyin, A.I. Zheltikov, O.S. Korotkevich
Summary. The paper conveys the data about economic and some biological traits of the Altai Red Steppe breed. It analyzes milk yields, fat and protein share in the milk, living weight of cows from the breed farm « Shumsky» and the one named after Kirov from German National area as well as from the breed reproduction stud «Slavgorodskoye» of Slavgorod district. The high butter-fat level is characteristic of the breed that has been improved by Red Danish, Angler and partly by Red-and-White Holstein breeds. This characteristic exceeds 4.3% on best farms. Significant coefficients of recurrence and correlation are established on some farms which enables to carry out breeding work effective enough in the herds breeding Red Steppe cattle. Estimation of sire-bulls for offspring quality allows to reveal the improvers for milk yield and butter-fat, but their number does not exceed 18% regarding each of the indexes. High enough genetic similarity was identified for the frequency of red blood cell antigens between Angler and Red Danish sire-bulls. It was the least between Red Danish and Red Steppe bulls.
Keywords: Red Steppe breed, Angler breed, Danish Red, Red-and-White Holstein breed, milk yield, butter-fat share, protein share, coefficient of variation, recurrence coefficient, erythrocyte antigens, index of genetic similarity, bull-improver.
UDK 638.124:636.082
Corrections of progress of the basic bee families after swarming
A.G. Mannapov, O.A. Legochkin
Summary. For the compensation of progress and with objective of preparation of the basic families to flowering the main melliferous plants at recent timeframes of their swarming it is offered to unite them with small spare beer families with superearly young queen bees. Small spare beer families with young queen bees are created due to cells and a reserve of the bees taken from protruding on progress and an efficiency of families, released swarming not later on May, 15-20th. Grown up swarming queen bees in small families in the first decade of June begin a laying of eggs. It is established, that use of small beer families with superearly queen bees for the accelerated progress swarming useful signs providing gathering of a plenty of nectar and its processing. Thus numerical values of parameters of work of families of the given group (2 group) and an output of a commodity output only slightly conceded on a level to similar values of control group (3 group) and were higher, on a level, in comparison with families with the late swarming. By results of researches it is established, that on gathering nectar of family of 2-nd group, surpassed a similar parameter of 1-st group, on initial gathering of nectar in 1,13 times (on 13,16 %), on the main thing – in 1,4 times (on 40,0 %). Thus families of the given group have built up more fraim with bee wox in 1,5 times (on 50,0 %), about-ha exhaust commodity honey it is more in 2,8 times (on 180,0 %).
Keywords: beer family, swarming, families-honey, a uterus, is planned-th swarming, Central Russian bees, races.

UDK 619:616.98:579.873.21 
The role of wild, synanthropic and small animals on the reservation and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
V.G. Oschepkov, V.F. Bordug, N.N. Koscheev, A.D. Pankratova, A.G. Garder
Summary. The authors goal was to systematize the available information the species composition of the carriers of the PMB on the Russian Federation and foreign countries and try to isolate of its most important on epizootological and epidemiological criteria that is the most dangerous for people and farm animals. It was established that the current environmental conditions in carrier state and spread of tuberculosis pathogens involved more than 120 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, including more than 93 wild, 15 synanthropic, 12 home animals as a result a comparative epizootically-epidemiological analysis of publications native and foreign authors and their own scientific data. According to our data there are presented the most real epizootic and epidemic danger for population and main species of agricultural animals in Russia: wild mammals – elk, roes, deer, Siberian stags, dappled deer, foxes, badgers, ferrets, from birds – hawks, grouse, geese, ducks, from blood-sucking arthropods – ticks, horse flies, from the synanthropic and are in the process of domestication unfinished – yak, bison, camels, deer park and spotted deer, gray rats, crows, magpies, sparrows, pigeons, from small domestic animals – dogs, cats, parrots. Moreover, in some regions of Russia (Dagestan, Volga region) the carrier state agents of tuberculosis (M.bovis, M.avium) was observed in annular (rain) and two species of worms protozoa. To improve the reliability of tuberculosis prevention, appropriate attention zoovetspecialists, should be given to prevent any contact farm animals with wild, synanthropic and small animals from disadvantaged TB biotopes, activity on deratisation – the extermination of rodents (mice, voles, etc. ) disakarization and disinfestation – the destruction of ticks, blood-sucking insects (horse flies, etc.) in livestock buildings.
Keywords: tuberculosis, pathogenic mycobacteria, epizootic process.

UDK 636.084.51/351.779
Veterinary actions during the dry period. New possibilities
R.Sh. Iskakov, D.M. Muhutdinov, G.S. Galjautdinov
Summary. For the purpose of increase of safety of the received young growth, reduction of quantity deadborn, decrease in postnatal complications at new cows and increases of dairy efficiency of cows have applied the preparations, let out companies «Helvet». For research carrying out in Open Company «the Sickle and the Hammer» Vysokogorsky area of Republic Tatarstan have been generated two groups of cows without milk (skilled and control) on 49 goals in everyone. Experience proceeded within 9 months from January till September, 2010. Test of the recommended scheme of application of a preparation have spent to first two months of experiment. For this purpose in without the dairy period following preparations were applied: 1. Kaferson, 2. Коvertal, 3. Liarsin. During the early postnatal period (for the first time 3 days after the delivery): 1. Тravmatin, 2. Коvertal, 3. Liarson, 4. Маstometrin. Preparations were applied in doses under the modified scheme of the manufacturer. Results of experience have shown that in skilled group in comparison with control the compelled rejection new cows has decreased three times, the number of deadborn calfs was reduced in 2,5 times, duration period service has decreased for 17 days (Р <0,001), For 5 months the period total from cows of skilled group (42 heads) has exceeded indicators of control group on 19 tons. (Р <0,01). Expenses for preparations (49 goals) have made 24000 rbl. Only at the expense of efficiency increase, the economy has in addition received production for the sum over 150000 roubles.
Keywords: dead treesing the period, homeopathic preparations, childbirth, a fruit, vaccination, immunity, «СМД», to have calf.

UDK 636.4:612.017.11/12
Contact influence exposed to stress of pigs on immune system of not in touch animals
N.V. Efanova, P.N. Smirnov
Summary. The question on contact influence exposed to stress of pigs on immune system not exposed to stress of animals isn’t studied till now. Meanwhile research of the given problem very important since in agricultural practice those and other animals often enough contain together. A consequence of such interaction for immune system not exposed to stress of animals are unknown. Therefore we have stopped the choice on this point in question studying. Operation served in our experiment by a source of stress for pigs orchiectomia, which operated for 45 day of life. After operation have generated 3 groups of animals. The first group of young growth was control. Pigs of the given group didn’t come into contact to the operated animals. The structure of II group included the castrated animals who were in a separate cage. To young growth of III group right after operations have been placed some the castrated pigs. Level of a cortisol of blood at pigs defined in 40 minutes after castration and in 40 minutes after the contact beginning exposed to stress and not exposed to stress of pigs. An immunological blood test spent for 2, 5 and 14 days of experiment. Results of researches have shown that contact exposed to stress of pigs with not in touch causes in the last a stress condition. As a result at not in touch animals level of a cortisol raises and the oppression condition develops.
Keywords: stress, stressor, cortisol, immune system, immunocompetent system, B lymphocytes, T lymphosytes, immuneglobulins, piglets, animals, castration, subpopulation.

UDK 637.023.001.24
Determination of parameters of the electric direct heating pasteurizer
Makhmudova V. Kh.
Summary. To ensure safety in agriculture produced milk designed electro pasteurizetion. Justified by the basic parameters of zigzag electro pasteurizetion, which is the distance between the electrodes, the ratio of the lengths of zones, length of the element and the number of zigzags. 
Keywords: milk, electro pasteurizetion, heating, piping, pipe, electrode, temperature, area, resistance, conductivity, an element, the material, length.