UDK 631.452:631.445(574.4)
Main principles of soil appraisal and unirrigated arable soil valuation 
G.D. Cherkasov, L.A. Nechaev, V.I. Zotikov, V.I. Koroteev
Summary. It is examined some aspects of soil and arable soil appraisal. It is offered to appraise soils at first, and then appraise arable lands. 
Keywords: soil appraisal, land appraisal, soil qualities, quality of locality points, correction indices for soil and land qualities.

UDK 631. 51: 631. 452
Substantiation and classification of soil tillage in the systems of arable farming in Russian Federation 
V.I. Solodun 
Summary. The lack of a whole and science-grounded classification of soil tillage in didactic and special literature is marked out in the article. The classification on the basis of picking out five classification units is offered: systems technologies, manners, practices and technological operations of soil tillage. It is proposed to renew the discussion among scientists and practical workers on elaboration of a common terminology in the sphere of soil tillage.
Keywords: classification, soil tillage, systems of soil cultivation, technologies of soil cultivation, methods of soil cultivation, practices of soil cultivation, technological operations of soil tillage.

UDK 631.821:631.44
The influence of the ways of the main soil tillage and firtilizers thread on the content of the mobile nitrogen in gray forest soil and productivity of crop rotanion
V.T. Malcev, E.N. Diyachenko
Summary. The goal of present studies was to reveal the features of nitric regime of gray forest heavy loamy soil under conditions of Pre-Baikal region depending on means of main tillage and fertilizers application under. The scheme of fruit-changing crop rotation is following: corn (for silage), barley+clover, clover for green manure, wheat. We have studied three systems of main soil tillage which corresponded to three variants of mineral fertilizers: 1) system (control) – annual plowing under all crops of rotation; 2) system – moldboardless tillage under corn and barley, clover plowing under wheat; 3) system – surface tillage under wheat. The impact of main soil tillage on accumulation of nitrogen mobile forms is better traced on the unmanured ground. Under corn sowings the essential influence of tillage methods on the content of nitrate nitrogen during vegetation period has not been stated. The common tendency consisted in its growth from spring to the middle of summer, and then its reduction to the fall. Its max. content was marked in July (17-19 mg/kg), minimum – in September (6-7 mg/kg). Under the sowings barley+clover, as well as under corn, at the average, for one rotation significant differences in N-NO3 content on various methods of main tillage is not found out. Weather conditions affected the content of nitrate nitrogen, both under corn, and under barley. In dry years during the first half of summer we have marked its excessive content at minimum cultivations, in mild and moist years – at plowing. As a result of studies it is stated that under conditions of Pre-Baikal region significant differences in mobile nitrogen content in arable layer of gray forest heavy loamy soil depending on means of main soil tillage are not found. The productivity of four-course fruit-changing crop rotation has risen due to fertilizers application by 6-28 % and has not essentially changed from the methods of main tillage. Nitrogen rates should be calculated according to chemical analysis of given soil, irrespective to practices of its main tillage. 
Keywords: plowing; moldboardless and surface soil tillage; nitrate,ammonium, mineral and easy-hydrolyzable nitrogen, crop rotation productivity.

UDK 631.51: 631.461
Microbiological processes in the rhizosphere soil under different tillage
N.N. Tereshchenko, N.A. Lapshinov, V.N. Pakuli, V.Yu. Berezin
Summary. The Presented results field experience on study of the influence resursosberegayuschih technology (minimum, direct sowing) on biological activity in rizosfere sowing of the spring wheat on vyschelochennyh chernozem tyazhelosuglinistogo mechanical composition in condition lesostepnoy zones West Siberia. The Positive influence upon activity microorganism renders the system of the processing of ground. The Advantage has a variant of the zero processing of ground. On sbderalnomy vapour(pair) amount ammonifikatorov remains on one level as at period kuscheniya- an output in tube, so and at period kolosheniya – a maturations (40,4 – 43,5 mln. KOE/1g/s/p), their amount falls to period of the cleaning before 33,0 mln. KOE/1G. At period of the most biological activity of ground (at June and September) by maximum importances of the number ammonifikatorov differed rizosfera spring wheat, cultivated on dutch clover under zero processing, 115,8 and 84,8 mln. KOE/1g/ s/p. Number fosfatrasstvoryayuschih microorganism in ground explored variant experience greatly differed both on predecessor, and on types of the processing of ground. The Maximum amount fosfatrasstvoryayuschih microorganism was discovered in variant with zero processing on predecessor dutch clover, which at June has formed 573,0, at July – 107,5 mln. KOE/1 g.s.p. Under zero processing of ground, in comparison with otwalinoy on predecessor dutch clover, processes mineralizacii in the second half vegetacii passed more intensive. About this witnesses growth to general number of the wreckers of the cellulose with 370,54 before 746,7 thous.. THE CUE/ 1г.с.п. Thereby, the most high biological activity differed rizosfera in sowing of the spring wheat on predecessor dutch clover under zero processing of ground, where was noted maximum number ammonifikatorov (the June, September) – 115,8 and 84,8 mln. CUE/ 1 s.p., fosfatrasstvoryayuschih microorganism (the June, July) – 573 and 107,5 mln. CUE/ 1 s.p. and high actual activity azotobaktera in current of the period vegetacii, 5,30 – 17,75% that promoted making the optimum mode of the feeding and increase to productivities on 0,30 т/га in comparison with otwalinoy plowing. 
Keywords: predecessor, tillage, rhizosphere, microorganisms.

UDK 631.582:631.82
The iffect of predecessors and doses of mineral fertilizers on wheat yields under conditions of Pre-baikal forest-steppe
V.I. Solodun, N.A. Usova, O.V. Smetanina
Summary. The goal of the present studies is to reveal the effect of fallow and non-fallow predecessors on spring wheat yields with different doses of applied fertilizers. The studies were carried out in field stationary trial in 2006-2009. Of fallow predecessors we have observed bare fallow, full fallow (pea-oats), green-manured fallow (pea-oats); among non-fallow ones – pea, wheat, pea-oats for grain and corn for silage.
Of the studied predecessors corn gave the highest yield of green mass, both at the control variant, and at different doses of mineral fertilizers. On the average for 2006-2009 green mass yield at the control was 28,7 t/ha (4,0 t/ha feed units), at mild background of fertilizers (N45P45K45) – 39,6 t/ha (5,4 t/ha feed units), at exceeded doses of mineral nutrition (N75P75K75) – 44,5 t/ha (0,6 t/ha feed units). The gain from different doses of fertilizers towards the control was 10,8-15,8 t/ha green mass or 1,5-2,2 t/ha feed units. Then in productivity pea-oats follows in full and green-manured fallows and at cultivation for grain. Supplementary observations have shown that the best regime of humidity is composed in fallow field with bare fallow, when till the end of the fallowing period up to 25-30 mm of productive moisture is accumulated to spring level. It is stated that the highest yield of spring wheat was obtained at bare fallow – 3,2 t/ha (control), 3,2 t/ha with the dose of fertilizers N45P45K45 active substance per 1 ha and 3,8 t/ha with the dose N75P75K75 active substance per 1 ha. The lowest yield belongs to wheat placed on wheat – 2,3 t/ha (control), 3,1 t/ha with the dose of fertilizers N45P45K45 active substance per 1 ha and 3,4 t/ha with the dose N75P75K75 active substance per 1 ha. Full and green-manured fallows, pea, corn and pea-oats for grain gave equal yields, being lower by 0,4-0,6 t/ha than bare fallow, but higher by 0,2-0,5 t/ha than secondary wheat sowings. 
Keywords: Yielding capacity, predecessors, doses of mineral fertilizers, wheat.

UDK 631.821:631.445.2
The effect of mineral fertilizers, lime and green manuring on the efficiency of seed treatment of grain crops 
V.T. Malzhev, I.A. Ivanova, E.N. Djachenko
Summary. In 2007-2008 the studies were carried out for the purpose of observing fertilizers and liming effect on the efficiency of barley seed treatment application, as well as the influence of preceding crops on the development of wheat root rot. The studies have shown that nitric fertilizers reduce the efficiency of treaters’ application, and the most positive result from barley seed treatment was achieved in a unmanured variant, both on the natural background, and on the background of lime. The gain was 2,5-2,9 cen/ha (14%). It is found that green manuring significantly reduces the spreading of wheat root rot and index of its development. Thus, without green manuring, root rot spreading would be 2,4-3,2 times higher than using full green manuring. Positive outcomes are also reached on the index of disease development. Studying the effect of preceding crops on spreading and development index of wheat root rots it was found out that green-manured (clover-manured) fallow depressed wheat root rots more than others. 
Keywords: mineral fertilizers, liming, green manuring, preceding crop, root rots, treatment.

UDK 631.582:631.524.84
Weediness and field crop productivity in crop rotations with different fertilizers systems under conditions of Pre-baikal forest-steppe 
O.V. Smetanina, V.I. Solodun
Summary. At present, the basic method of weed control under conditions of the region is fallow tillage which is supplemented by chemical weedings. The goal of our studies was to assess the influence of crop rotations and systems of fertilizers on weediness of sowings. The field trial included 3 short-term rotations: grain-fallow rotation with bare fallow, grain-fallow rotation with full fallow, green-manuring rotation. In all three crop rotations in comparison to absolute control we studied mineral, organic and organic-mineral systems of soil fertilizers. On the average, for three years the sowings of spring wheat, placed on bare fallow, were less weeded. Under spring wheat on full fallow the amount of weeds was greater by 20-25 %. The account of dry weight has shown that the amount of weeds in a whole volume of phytocenose did not exceed 5-7 %. Application of all kinds of fertilizers caused intensive emergence of weed seedlings and, especially, with organic system of fertilization. On the average, for three years the three-course crop rotation with full fallow was noted with the greatest weediness of sowings, and green manuring rotation took an intermediate position between grain-fallow and grain-grass crop rotations. As a result of studies it is stated that the most effective is organic-mineral system of fertilizers providing yield gain of grains 0,4-1,0 t/ ha, of corn 9,9 t/ha, of clover 4,1 t/ha. Mineral system of fertilizers is insignificantly inferior to organic-mineral one and gives yield gain of grains 0,3-0,9 t/ha, of corn 9,6 t/ha, of clover 3,7 t/ha. Organic system of fertilizers increases yields not so much (grains – by 0,5 t/ ha, corn – 1,4 t/ha and clover – 2,7 t/ha). 
Keywords: yielding capacity, weediness, crop rotation, system the fertilizers.

UDK 631.811.93 : 633.11 : 633.13
Studying of influence of a siliceous nanocomposite preparation on productivity and silicon content in crops 
N.V. Zabegalov, E.V. Dabakhova
Summary. Results of a field experiment with entering siliceous nanocomposite preparation on a background of mineral fertilizers were analysed. It is established that nanopreparation promotes productivity increase, and also silicon accumulation in experimental crops biomass. The greatest effect of all indicators was received in a variant with combination of presowing treatment of seeds and top-dressing of plants with a parity of components «preparation : water» as 1:15. 
Keywords: silicon, productivity, nanocomposite preparation, carrying out, spring wheat, oats.

UDK 633.111: 631.527: 631.559
Ecological plasticity of genetically polymorphic samples of spring bread wheat 
V.S. Valekzhanin, N.I. Korobeinikov
Summary. In the article data on the influence of genetically polymorphic strains on yield stability of spring bread wheat in Ob’ forest-steppe of Altai territory are given. It was established that the mixture of a limited number of morphologically different genotypes as a breeding approach did not effect the size and the stability of wheat yield. Genetic heterogeneity of segregated hybrid generations provides them with advantages in the general adaptability in a number of environments compared to parental forms. 
Keywords: wheat, breeding, mixture of varieties, hybrid population, variety, yield, plasticity, responsiveness, resistance.

UDK 633.11:631.527.5
Usage of winter varieties in selection of soft spring wheat for improvement of genetic potential of productivity 
L.M. Moiseenko, A.G. Klykov, I.V. Konovalova, P.M. Bogdan
Summary. There were determined the level of heterosis and the phenotypic dominance level of spring-winter hybrids on 18 combinations. The maximum value of the data indices on four selection-quality characteristics had the combination Primorskaya 40 x Mironovskaya 808. 
Keywords: spring and winter soft wheat, hybrid, the productivity elements, heterosis, the phenotypic dominance level.

UDK 633.112.9:664.6:633.2
Technological and baking properties of the grain of grades triticale in comparison with the winter wheat and winter rye 
T.A. Gorjanina
Summary. Properties of a grain of grades winter triticale in comparison with grades of a winter rye and a winter wheat are analysed. At equal productivity with winter wheat 21,3-28,8 c/he in conditions of the central zone of the Samara area, quality of a grain and a flour triticale do not concede to grades of a winter rye and a winter wheat. Bread from a flour triticale is in the pure state worse, than wheaten and rye. Addition of a flour wheat to a meal triticale, in all ratios, improved elasticity (on 0,3-1,3 points) and volume of bread (on 65-295 sm3). The porosity (3,2-3,5 points) and taste (4,0 points) in a mix were up to standard and is higher 0,3-1,0 points of bread from a flour triticale. The best variant is use of a flour triticale in a mix with wheaten in the ratio 50:50. 
Keywords: quality, a grain, a flour, bread, triticale, rye, wheat.

UDK 633.1:631.57: 631.52
Dynamics of dry matter consentration and change of wheat chemical structure during maturation 
D.V. Sandrykin, E.P. Kondratenko, E.A. Egushova, L.G. Pinchuk
Summary. The results of estimation of grain quality, change of grain chemical structure during maturation of spring wheat, raised in the steppe zone of Kuznetsk basin for 2010-2011, are presented. Revealed that the accumulation of dry matter and chemical structure of the grains is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions of growth and time of spring wheat harvest. The highest content of protein and wet gluten obtained by harvesting at the end of wax ripeness.
Keywords: spring wheat, time of harvest, temperature, phase of mature, fall, nature, vitreousness, weight percentage of protein, weight percentage of gluten.

UDK 633.522:631.527
On the general concept of innovation development of hemp prodaction 
A.A. Smirnov, V.A. Serkov, O.N. Zelenina
Summary. The paper considers the characteristics and economic importance of hemp (Cannabis sativa). A brief comparative analysis of the modern state of the exchange hemp prodaction abroad and in Russia. Showing the main directions meet the challenges of rehabilitation and integration of the industry in the state structure of the economy. 
Keywords: hemp prodaction, hemp crop, nonnarcotic variety, THC.

UDK 662.73:665.44
Characteristic of valley peats of southern taiga subzone of West Siberia
L.A. Malinovskaya, V.I. Deryabina
Summary. Peat resources are one of the most important natural resources of Russia. The difficulties associated with the assessment of peat as a source of compounds that are caused by a broad representation of peat-forming plants and a variety of factors, under the action of which it is formed. Peat resources of Western Siberia, from the standpoint of their chemical composition remain poorly understood. In this regard, the purpose of this work – to characterize the peat lowland of southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia based on a study of their properties, exchange acidity and general engineering group composition of organic matter. Four of the most characteristic species of lowland peat of peat deposit "Tagan" (Tomsk Region) were chosen as objects of study. From the data analysis and general technical properties of the exchange acidity that sedge and woody peat are strongly decomposed, high-ash, with close to neutral acidity, sedge-wort – medium decomposed, medium-ash peat, which also has pH close to neutral; wort – medium decomposed, medium-ash, slightly acidic peat. Analysis of group composition of organic matter performed by the most commonly to evaluate peat as a raw material for chemical processing method Instorfa. The study found that with increasing degree of decomposition of peat ash content increases, carbohydrate content reduces the reaction medium passes from slightly acidic to neutral. The low-lying peat of grass and wooden type contain more humic acids and lignin than the low-lying peat of moss and grass-moss type. The opposite pattern is noticed for the peat bitumen. It was proved that the wooden low-lying peat contains more fulvic acids and less hardly hydrolitic elements in comparison with other peat. The opposite pattern was noticed for hypnum low-lying peat. The results of the investigation of studied parameters of the West Siberian peat are within varying levels of similar indicators of European peat. A special feature is a low content of difficult hydrolyzable substances in the West Siberian lowland sedge-wort peat in comparison with European peat. Studied lowland peat due to high content of humic acids may be used to obtain humic preparations, peat-alkaline reagent, activated carbon, gas generator fuel, bio-stimulants, peat-humic fertilizers.
Keywords: valley peat, group composition, organic matter, Western Siberia.

UDK 581.55
Consequences of agricultural development of steppe communities of the kuznetsk hollow (current state and prospects of) 
Е.В. Rotkyna, S.A. Sheremetova
Summary. Is revealed the floristic structure of steppe communities of Kyznetskaya hollow, which includes 498 kinds, 50 families, 6 classes and 4 departments of the higher plants is revealed. The brief characteristic of the basic types of vegetation is given. Distribution of kinds on the basic types of communities is investigated. The recommendations on the establishment of a natural monument in the steppes, as well as carrying out detailed studies of populations of rare plant in these communities. 
Keywords: steppe, species, endemic, Red Book.

UDK 633.358.633.1 (571.53) 
Mixed sowings of field pea with fodder-grain crops under conditions of Pre-baikal region
F.S. Sultanov, V.V. Krasnoshapko, O.B. Gabdrakhimov, E.V. Volkobrun
Summary. The studies were carried out for the purpose of increasing fodder productivity of field pea by means of its cultivation in the mixture with fodder-grain crops. The following varieties were used for seeding: field pea – Evrika, wheat – Tulunskaya 12, barley – Sobolek and oats – Rovesnick. Among single-crop sowings oats has provided higher yielding capacity of green mass (27,4 t/ha) and grain (3,78 t/ha). Other fodder-grain crops in these values proved to be lower by 11,3-25,3 %. Green mass yielding capacity of field pea was 20,8 t/ha and of grain – 2,07 t/ha. As for mixed sowings of pea, its mixtures with oats were more productive. The pea-oats mixture with seeding rate of pea 0,36 mln/ha and of oats 4,20 mln/ha has given the highest yielding capacity of grain 4,42 t/ha and of green mass – 27,9 t/ha. The grain yielding capacity of pea-wheat-barley mixed sowings was lower by 32,2-36,4 %. In the course of cultivating field pea in the mixture with wheat and barley the optimal seeding rate was 0,42 mln/ha for pea and 4,55 mln/ha for grain crops. Forages, taken from mixed sowings, are significantly higher in quality than those from single-crop sowings of fodder-grain crops. Thus, the digestible protein content in one feeding unit of oats grain was 79,6 g, but in its mixture with pea – 104,3-111,3 g. Both in productivity and in economic values, single-crop sowings of pea and oats are significantly lower than their mixtures. Higher harvest of feed-protein units 1,75 t/ha, metabolizable energy 40,2 GJ/ha, pure income 6616 rub/ha, profitability 81,8 % and low prime cost of grain forage 2090 rub/t are provided by pea-oats mixture with the seeding rate of field pea 0,36 mln/ha and of oats – 4,2 mln/ha. 
Keywords: field pea, wheat, barley, oats, mixed sowing, seeding rate, yielding capacity, feed-protein unit, metabolizable energy, pure income.

UDK 663.2:631.8:338.43
Ekologo-economic efficiency of application of means of chemicalixation at the superficial improvement of meadows
I.N. Belous, J.A. Anishina, D.N. Prishchep, E.V. Smolskij
Summary. In article results of long-term researches in which course influence of agrotechnical and agrochemical receptions on efficiency and quality of long-term grasses in the conditions of radioactive pollution was studied are analyzed. It is shown that carrying out of a complex of actions at superficial improvement is radioactive the polluted fodder grounds, and application of the raised doses of potash fertilizers as a part of full mineral fertilizer (N180Р120К270 and N180Р120К360) provides reception of ecologically safe production that economic and is effective.
Keywords: superficial improvement, a disking, natural herbage, mineral fertilizers, accumulation 137Cs, economic efficiency.

UDK 633.32:631.53.01 
The effect of cultivation technology elements on seed productivity of meadow clover
F.S. Sultanov, V.V. Krasnoshapko, O.B. Gabdrakhimov 
Summary. The studies were carried out for the purpose of increasing seed productivity of meadow clover under conditions of Pre-Baikal region forest-steppe zone. For sowing Tulunsky variety of meadow clover was used. Main technological processes affecting seed productivity of meadow clover, such as methods of sowing, seeding rate, terms of sowing, doses of mineral fertilizers, were observed. Cover crops were the following: spring wheat, barley, oats and pea-oats mixture. For the first year of living the plants of clover better grew and developed in coverless sowings, in autumn their height was by 3-10 cm longer than that in undercover ones. Of the studied cover crops clover was less depressed by barley and pea-oats mixture for green fodder and more – by oats. The plants of clover in sowings of summer period grew significantly slower. Before entering the winter their height was by 5-8 cm lower in comparison to spring one.  Tulunsky variety of meadow clover’s frost resistance proved to be very high – 93,2-97,8 %. During the second year of living the growth of clover plants began late in April – early in May. In sowings of spring term the stages of plant development came 2-3 days earlier in comparison to summer ones. In wide-row sowings seed germination is observed 4-5 days later than in narrow row ones. The application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers reduces the terms of seed germination by 2-3 days. Higher yield of clover seeds (0,22 t/ha) was obtained in coverless sowings. Nearly the same yield is provided by undercover sowings of barley and pea-oats mixture for green fodder. When clover is sown under oats cover, the yield reduces by 0,060 t/ha, or by 27,3 %. In the years with normal agrometeorological conditions higher yield of clover seeds is supplied by sowings with the distance between rows 15 and 30 cm, but in dry seasons – by wide-row sowings (60 cm). In the first case the seeding rates make no significant effect on clover seed productivity. In wide-row sowings the reduction of seeding rates from 2,5 to 1,5 mln/c of germinal seeds makes the harvest of seeds lower by 0,030 t/ha, or by 12 %. At spring period of sowing more seeds were harvested by 16,4-23,3 % than in summer sowings. Mineral fertilizers promote to raising clover seed yield by 0,016-0,083 t/ha, or by 9,3-47,1 %. Higher yield 0,253 t/ha was got after applying N45 P90 K90.  Accounting cover crop yield on economical outcomes, coverless sowings are significantly worse than undercover ones. According to the research results on meadow clover the best cover crop is barley. Of different sowing methods, higher yield – 0,213 t/ha – was harvested in sowings with interrow 30 cm, seeding rate 4 mln g.s./ha. In case of sowing with interrow 15 cm, optimal seeding rate proved to be 8 mln g.s./ha, with interrow 60 cm – 2,5 mln g.s./ha. With mineral fertilizers, their application in the dose of N45 P60 K60 provide higher pure income 14240 rub/ha. 
Keywords: meadow clover, cover crop, terms and methods of sowing, seeding rate, dose of mineral fertilizers, yielding capacity.

UDK 633.31:633.2/3:631.531.02
Influence of usage schemes of alfalfa seed crops on their productivity and economic efficiency
V.P. Oleshko, A.A. Garkusha, V.I. Ryabtsev
Summary. The results of long-term researches on influence of schemes of use and age of alfalfa herbage on their seed production and economic efficiency are presented. It is established that for the fourth year of use concerning the first a crop of seeds and economic indicators are naturally decreasing: productivity – in 6 times, profitability in 8,2 times. In the conditions of Western Siberia south from the agroeconomic point of view it is the most expedient to receive the seeds of alfalfa only from herbage the second year of life, therefore seed crops should be put annually. At this usage scheme, the seed production of alfalfa increases in 2 times concerning permanent (over 4 years) usage of herbage on a seeds, and the basic economic indicators (profit, profitability, cost) are improving in 1,6-2,4 times.
Keywords: alfalfa, usage schemes of herbage, age of herbage, seed crops, productivity, economic efficiency.

UDK 636.082
Improvement of herd cattle herd of black-and-white breed
A.K. Gordeeva, O.A. Potapova, S.L. Belozerceva, L.L. Petruhina 
Summary. The goal of investigations consisted in revealing genetically perspective lines of cross-bred animals on the basis of studying economically beneficial traits of first-calf heifers, animal productive properties of different bloodlines and line belonging, rational use of cows and assessment of servicing bulls according to the quality of progeny. The studies were carried out in 2006-2010 in the breeding herd of EPF “Baikalo-Sibirskoe” in Irkutsk district. The object of research was pure-breed holsteinized black-and white cattle of different bloodlines and line belonging. In the course of work we have studied the growth and development of replacement heifers of different genotypes, their exterior-constitutional peculiarities, milk-yield of heifers and quantitative composition of milk. We have observed productive values of cows of different genotypes and lines, assessed servicing bulls giving max. milk-yield, as well as productive longevity of animals depending on a genotype and line belonging.. The conducted studies have confirmed that cows with bloodline 75 % possess the best milk-yield.The greatest productive longevity 6,06 and 6,17 lactations, and lifetime milking (22471-21460 kg) were typical of Lindberg pure-breed line cows and lines of British origin. On productive longevity the cows of British origin exceeded the animals of Holstein lines by 3.24 lactations, of pure-breed ones – by 1,86 lactations; on aggregate milking – by 10248 and 7338 kg of milk, and Lindberg line – by 3.35 and 1.97 lactations, 9237 and 6327 kg of milk correspondingly. Thus, daughters of Lodyr 600 bulls (6,61 lactations) and Larchick 643 bulls (6,3 lactations) were notable for the best productive longevity in Lindberg line, lifetime productivity was, correspondingly, 23564 and 21098 kg. Among the animals of British origin the highest lifetime milking belonged to daughters of bull Buben 526 – 24619 kg, the term of use – 6,58 lactations.
Keywords: Holstein cattle, line, blood, milk productivity, servicing bulls, productive longevity

UDK 636.22/28.082
Influence of age at first calving, longevity and lifetme productivity of cows of black-motley breed
S.L. Belozerceva
Summary. The goal of the paper was to reveal the optimal age of young animal calving which enables to efficiently exploit them for a long time. Resulting from our studies it has been stated that in a main herd, 54 % of cows with productive longevity have a first calving age up to 30 months. It enables to get from them 5,59 – 6,51 lactations, 24658-41714 kg of milk and 127,7-130,6 kg of milk fat. The best values of productive longevity (6,51 lactations) belonged to the cows having calved for the first time till the age of 27 months, at P<0.001. The higher first calving age, the lower cow life-time and, correspondingly, life milkings reduce. 
Keywords: productive longevity of cows, first calving. age.

UDK 636.064/636.082.4
Using of genetic marker-blood groups on study of processes reproduction by dairy cattle
D.N. Kol’tsov, J.D. Romanov, M.E. Gontov
Summary: Constance erythrocytic antigen blood type during of the whole life allows using their as genetic markers, characterize individual essence of the organism. The purpose of the studies – using blood type of the cattle as genetic marker to try to realize the role of the indirect influence of the different antigenic structures erythrocyte parents on reproductive to particularities cows for the following development of the method individual selection sires with cow on base of the knowledge of the antigenic spectrum their erythrocyte. Studies were conducted in two stages. On I stage at izoimmunization 61 cows Brown Swiss are installed essential influence contrasting antigen donor on raised number of the inseminations before seminal mating, length service-period recipient. Revealed antigenic factors, promoted production antibody with high subtitle and led to yeldness cows recipient: B2, T1-2, O′, U″, H′, X2, Y2, W, L,Y′, G2, H″, U′, X1, F. Than less was an index antigenic resemblance, that greater amount of the inseminations was needed before fertilization (from 2,2±0,44 before 1,7±0,38), lengthened the service-period 190±25 days in I group, in III – 142±24 day. On II stage is executed analysis to dependencies of the factors to productivity and reproductive of the particularities cows, tested on 60 antigenic factors from 11 genetic systems. Noted trend of the greater number of the inseminations before fertilization and duration service-period when increase the index antigenic resemblance parents, both on the first, and at the average on 2…8 lactations. At index antigenic resemblance (ra) 0…0,29 amount of the inseminations has formed 2,1±0,2, but service-period – 118,2±8,1 days. Under ra equal 0,5 and more – 4,2±0,6 and 173,8±22,9 accordingly. On the grounds of studies are made following findings: izoimmunization influences upon reproductive particularities, brings about yeldness recipient, but use antigenic factor erythrocyte as marker for feature of the genetic status of the paired parents allows keeping a check on selection by advantage dimock in populations.
Keywords: izoimmunization, blood group, antigen of erythrocytes, dairy cattle, service period, number of insemination tile fecundation, quantitative traits.

UDK 578.52/636.09
Genetic typing of bovine leukemia virus (BLV): scientific and practical aspects
P.N. Smirnov, N.V. Bateneva, I.V. Mikhnovich
Summary. In article problems genotyping a virus BLV are shown. Reflected perspective directions of development of scientific researches are. Results genotyping BLV on gag and env to genes at animals of a different pedigree and territorial accessory are resulted.
Keywords: bovine leukemia virus (BLV), gag gene, env gene, genotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

UDK 636.082.453.5/636.934.2
Reproductive technologies in fur farming
A.R. Zhvakina, V.A. Bagirov, V.B. Kudrjavcev
Summary. Currently, there are several color types of foxes and arctic foxes (including imported from other countries) is not listed in the National Register of interest in terms of originality painting. Among the foxes is: sapphire sanglou, white-beaked, Smoke, fire and ice, including polar foxes, and others. At present, there was an urgent need for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources, foxes and arctic foxes. To carry out this task was made possible by the use of artificial insemination, cryopreservation of semen, a Cryobank seed producers of various types and colors, and then use a valuable biomaterial. The purpose of research – development of biotechnological methods for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources, foxes and arctic foxes. From 2006 to 2008 years of Plemzavod «Pushkii» artificially inseminated by intra-vixen way in 2044, while pregnant women were 81.5%. Conducted testing transport chilled semen insemination and male foxes they have obtained offspring (77.8 % of females successfully whelp). Created cryobank foxes and arctic foxes unique color types of Russian and Finnish selections. To Cryobank’s genetic material is preserved 15 color types of foxes, and 5 color types arctic foxes. Developed new krioprotektivnye environment, which, after thawing yield about 50-60% of sperm motility. Progeny obtained from the use of frozen-thawed semen.
Keywords: cryobank semen, artificial insemination, broadening the range of manufactured furs, transported cooled semen.

UDK 636.4.084
Secretion activity of the thyroid gland of young growth of pigs at introduction of preparations of iodine and selenium against probiotic 
S.N. Rassolov, A.M. Eranov
Summary. West-Siberian region is one of the biogeochemical provinces, deficient in a number of trace elements. Relevance of the work lies in the fact that the previously little studied complex impact of iodine and selenium in combination with probiotics on the productivity of pigs, though some sources indicated that simultaneous deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to a higher degree of hypothyroidism than the deficit in the diet of one iodine. Studies in young pigs type KM-1 allowed to establish a positive effect of the drug in combination with sedimin probiotic Sib Mos Pro on the secretory activity of the thyroid gland. Against this background of experimental group II animals receiving a single intramuscular dose of the drug sedimin 5 ml of the head and oral probiotic + Sib-Mos missile at a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of feed. Thus, in this group, the content of total thyroxine in the blood was higher at 13,8…28,7 % indicating that activation of incretory thyroid activity.
Keywords: pigs, probiotic, selenium, iodine, thyroid gland, hormones. 

UDK 621.311.212(470.55)
The hydropower potential of the south ural rivers runoff 
L.A. Saplin, O.S. Ptashkina-Girina
Summary. According to the results of research and stochastic modeling of runoff characteristics of the South Ural rivers within Chelyabinsk area, their gross and technical hydropotentials, which are 2, 6 billion kWh and 0, 94 billion kWh respectively, are estimated. A map – scheme of hydropower zoning, which allows to define the hydropower potential in any rivers alignment which are not covered by hydrological observations is made up.
Keywords: gross and technical potentials, saturation by energy resources, hydropower zoning, renewable energy sources.

UDK 622.765.46
Laboratory research of electroflotation process of sewage at troitsк fats production plant
L.A. Saplin, V.V. Starshikh
Summary. The data of experimental research of electroflotation process are presented, the influence of the electroflotation process duration and the temperature on the efficiency of sewage purification at Troitsk fats production plant is shown. 
Keywords: electroflotation, duration of electroflotation process, temperature. 

UDK 004.42:631.3
Optimization of performance timing for plant growing on planning farm machinery use
I.A. Kolegaev
Summary. To achieve the best results by optimization of farm machinery use, performance timing should be included in the problem decision region (to be variables, not constants). It is necessary to limit these variables competently, otherwise a result of optimization, they will take the infeasible values breaking technology and agri-technology. Restricting variables «manually» has negative consequences, including a partial loss of efficiency. To avoid it, calculation of time limits is necessary to automate and to make it a part of optimizing algorithm. The aim of the research is to formalize the process of defining time limits for plant growing activities for the sake of optimization of farm machinery use. The author addresses to the theory of structurally-technological schemes and elements of network planning. Structurally-technological schemes are capable to describe adequately agricultural process of production and to assist in decision-making about timing, but the existing technique has not been adapted for automation yet. As regards network planning it should be marked that field works in plant growing have some specific features which don’t allowing to use the available algorithms of construction and calculation of network models.  The offered in the article method of computing field works in plant growing, allows to determine automatically, prior to consideration of economic reasons, such theoretical ranges of time extend which don’t break the technology and agro technical requirements. There is a possibility to combine the process of specifying the time extend of field works with concurrent computing time change limits for some other field activities.  One can apply the technique to special computer programs in order to rationalize and optimize farm machinery use. A demo version of the computer program developed by the author is presented as an example, the one which implements the offered technique and confirms its consistency.
Keywords: machine-tractor fleet, designing, modeling, optimization, computer program, time performance, plant growing.

UDK 664.2:557.15
Study of bioconversion of native corn starch using different amylolytic enzymes
N.D. Lukin, Z.M. Borodina, T.V. Lapidus, I.G. Mannova, V.A. Gulakova
Summary. In order to increase the variety of starch products, particularly, modified starches and starch sweeteners for further substitution of import the researches were carried out to study the action of known at Russian market enzymes (alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and glucoamylase) into native corn starch in aquous medium at temperature lower than initial point of starch gelatinization. The dosage of enzymes was varied and duration of incubation of mixture of starch slurry with 35% DS content with enzymes in ternostated capacity with constant mixing at temperature of 50 оС and optimal for each enzyme pH of slurry. Action of enzymes was characterized by content of soluble dry substances, including carbohydrates in substrate and studying of starch grain shape by light electronic microscope DMLV by Leica. As experiments showed, the dynamics of soluble DS and carbohydrates accumulation in process of enzymatic hydrolysis of native corn starch is similar. Therefore, both parameters could be used to control the degree of hydrolysis. The studies of bioconversion of native starch using amylolitic enzymes showed, that bacterial alpha-amylase from Bac.subtilis (BAN 480L by Novozymes) at sufficiently high temperature for this enzyme (500С) does not dissolve whole grains of starch, but can affect on damaged grains; malt beta-amylase in composition with fungal alpha-amylase (Spezyme DBA by Genencor) has a significant effect on native starch at large dosages (2,0% to DS and higher); glucoamylase (producer – Asp.niger) in composition with fungal amylase (producer – Asp.oryzae) hydrolyzes native corn starch with the most activity at economically efficient dosages (from 0,1 to 0,5% to DS of starch).
Keywords: amylolytic enzymes, native starch, level of hydrolysis, soluble dry substances, carbohydrate content.

UDK 664.162:557.15
Features of enzymatic starch liquefaction
V.V. Ananskih, L.D. Shleina, L.Y. Voronova 
Summary. The results o study of enzymatic hydrolysis at optimization of working parameter of tubular holder of non-stop starch saccharifier (CSS) were presented. Pilot installation made in All-Russia Researh Institute for Starch Products allowed to carry out the expreriments of CSS with holder of diameter 15, 25 and 56 mm. Concentration of starch slurry feeding to liquefaction in jet cooker at continuous mixing with vapor was 35%, temperature of cooking 110 оС, liquefaction temperature 95 оС. Dextrose equivalent (DE) and viscosity of hydrolysates were estimated. By results of CSS testing the graphical dependencies of DE change and viscosity of hydrolysates from dosage of α-amylase (from 0,2 to 0,6 pt AS/g), diameter of water pipeline of holder and duration of liquefaction (from 5 to 120 min) were made. Analysis of obtained data shows, that DE of hydrolysate is increasing with increase of dosage of enzyme and duration of liquefaction. Moreover, DE is increased with increase of velocity of product feed in holder, i.e. with decrease of diameter of pipeline. As in keeper with diameter of pipeline 25 and dosage of α-amylase 0,2 pt. AS/g the values of DE are 1,2 times more than at dosage of α-amylase 0,6 pt.AS/g in holder with diameter of 56. The values of viscosity have contrary character: less diameter of pipeline of holder, the viscosity of hydrolysate is lower. Carrying out the cooking of starch in holders of different diameter, the main changes in quility parameters were observed at temperature of 110 оС during first 5 minutes. The further liquefaction at temperature of 95 оС during 120 minutes has the same fading character. It was proved that with decrease of diameter of pipeline and increase of velocity of products feed in keeper the consumption of enzyme for starch liquefaction could be decreased. The results of experiments are considered during selection and calculation of constructive and technological parameters and construction of industrial installation of CSS.
Keywords: starch, jet cooker, paste, enzymatic liquefaction, holder, diameter of pipeline.