UDK 001.6./636.
Scientific support of innovative development of animal breeding in Russia 
V.I. Fisinin, V.V. Kalashnikov, V.A. Bagirov
Summary. It is obvious, that in recent years in milk animal breeding the breeds of Holstein origin come in a key position, in meat animal breeding selection forms, derived from the best foreign populations (Hereford, Charollais, Anguses, Obrak, Limousine, Salers, etc.), appear. In pig breeding the number of hogs of large white breed decreased by 15 % in favor of breeds of meat type (landrace, Duroc, Yorkshire) for 5 years. The domestic breed SM-1, whose part increased up to 3 %, successfully competes with foreign hybrids. Sheep population increased 1.8 times for 10 years, while the part of animals of wool production direction decreased by more than 31 % since 1990. Up to 50 % of populations of poultry factories in Russia is domestic crosses, which are not inferior to foreign samples in productivity and feed-convention rate. Genetic material of 23 breeds of cattle, 25 breeds of pigs, 18 breeds of sheep, 9 breeds of goats, 14 breeds of horses, 20 breeds of chickens, 7 breeds of bees. Etc. is stored in different research institutes. The system of genetic identification of animals are developed, which ensures conclusion reliability at a level of 99.9 %. It is developed methods for cattle embryos cultivation in vitro, as well as for introduction of alien genes in genome of recipient using retroviral transfections, comparable with the best world analogues. The hybrids of cattle and yak with fat content in milk 9.5 %, the hybrids of domestic goat and Siberian ibex, Romanovskaya sheep, wild ram and bighorn with daily gain more than 300g are developed by interspecific hybridization. The feed system, based on the rate setting of productive animal needs according to assimilability of feed organic substrates in an organism with assessment of nutrient accessibility in feeds, are developed. It provides productivity gain up to 20 % for cows with basic yield of milk 30 liters. The influence of method of animal growing on formation of meat structure is identified. Together, it allows to program the quality of future products already in the body. 
Keywords: animal breeding, scientific support, genepool, breed, technology, breeding, housing.

UDK 636.033/636.1
Development of herd horse breeding in Russia 
R.V. Kalashnikov, V.V. Kalashnikov
Summary. According to FAO Russia ranks fourth in horse meat production (40 000 t) in the world, at that 97.3 % of the total number of meat horses are concentrated in ten subjects of Russian Federation. In all regions of herd horse breeding, with the exception of Yakutia, 26 % of horses attribute to local breeds, 26 % – to stud horseflesh one, 48 % – to hybrid breeds. Stud and hybrid horses exceed local breeds nearly by 60 kg on average in live weight. However, priority in crossing should be left for local breeds and developed on their basis the new forms, successfully combining intensive properties and high adaptive qualities. Increase in commercial foal output from 60 to 90 units per 100 mares provides growth of meat production in 1.5 times per mare. It is 58 head on the average countrywise, 76 head in Buryatia, Kalmykia and Zabaikalye territory, 73 head in Bashkortostan, 43 head in Yakutia (in the past it was 70 head or more). Actual pre-weaning mortality throughout the country is 7.7 %. It is possible to increase foal output up to 70...80 % under condition of Yakutia when there is the correct organization of stallion additional feeding with protein-vitamin concentrates during breeding campaign, and with additional feeding of spawning schools after frosty period – up to 10...15 % more. Optimal portion of dams in herd structure is 47.5 % of the total population. It is possible when young animals are sold for meat in the age of 1.5 years. Portion of mares can be increased up to 53 % in Buryatia and Zabaikalye territory, up to 65...66 % – in Yakutia. In Bashkortostan portion of mares is 27.8 % of total population, to increase their number one should sell young animals for meat at the age of 2.5. In the short term one should carry out purposeful breeding, more often use new interbreeding types of local breeds with increased live weight and good meat qualities, broader develop innovations proposed by scientists to improve effectiveness of herd horse breeding. 
Keywords: herd horse breeding, breeding, hybrids, horse meat, herd structure.

UDK 636.39.033.
Development concept for specialized meat cattle-breeding in Siberia and Kazakhstan 
V.A. Soloshenko
Summary. It is reasonable to create pedigree basis in meat cattle-breeding with usage of the best world gene pool by purchasing outstanding animals, particularly bulls and their sperm. Commercial part of the population can be grown by covering the low-productive cows and rejected heifers of milk breeds. For Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds can be recommended on the set of indicators that take into account adaptive ability and production quality. To a more accurate assessment of meat marbling it should be carried out comprehensive analysis with thyroglobulin determination at an early age in any bio-object (blood, sperm, ear notch) by PCR, measuring of fat thickness on a back of adult fattened animals by US, assessment of marbling after slaughter on the standard scale. Selection of rearing animals according to selection indices, expressing the ratio of economic characters, couldn’t be the limited factor for cattle importation, since this method takes into account animal origin, as with linear breeding. One only needs an appropriate database, which will erase a problem of inbreeding. Feeding of pedigree young animals should be calculated for daily gain 700...900 g, therefore concentrates in diets, especially for heifers, should be limited by 15...20 %, and in the summer they should be lack. Animal diets for fattening should be calculated on the highest possible daily gain 1200...1500 g. Their basis under condition of Siberia may be the multi-component grain-haylage feed (consists of oat, barley, peas or vetch) and hay, enriched with flattened preserved grain mixture with humidity of 30...35 %, fed as a composition of feed mixture. The portion of concentrated feed in diet should vary from 30 % before ablactation to 70 % in the end or fattening. To increase the energy value one may add rape flour or oilcake, huskless oat and barley. 
Keywords: meat cattle breeding, Hereford breed, Aberdeen Angus breed, meat marbling, selection index, feed layer, average daily gain.

UDK 638.1
Apiculture in Russia: state and place in the world 
N.I. Krivtsov
Summary.This paper present a survey about the status of Russian beekeeping at a dynamics. Production of honey are stable (50000...55000 tons per year); comparison with a countries of high developed beekeeping; information about Russian enterprises what processed the production of beekeeping and produced veterinary chemicals for bees. 
Keywords: beekeeping, colony of bees, honey productivity, consumption of honey, epizootic state of apiaries, resources of bee plants.

UDK 636.58.
Prospects and paths of development of cage animal breeding in Russia
I.V. Perkalov, N.A. Balakirev
Summary. The article presents analysis of current status of animal breeding in Russia. The significance and role of the animal breeding branch in utilization of livestock waste are shown. The features of the further industry development are considered, including the development of farm animal breeding and creating conditions for family animal breeding farms.
Keywords: animal breeding, farm animal breeding, furs, shed.

UDK 575.174/636
Genetic expertise of agricultural animals: application of the test systems based on microsatellites 
N.A. Zinov’eva, E.A. Gladyr
Summary. The characteristic of the test-systems based on microsatellites for application in genetic expertise of agricultural animals – cattle (13 loci), swine (12 loci), sheep (11 loci), chicken (8 loci) and honey bee (7 loci) was done. The study of DNA samples of three breeds of each of five animal species Bos taurus (n=90), Sus scrofa (n=90), Ovis aries (n=90), Gallus gallus (n=90) и Apis mellifera (n=150) showed the possibility to analyze 5 to 8 loci per reaction. The average number of allele per loci is varied of 5,47±0,26 in swine to 9,79±0,57 in sheep. The probabilities of genotype identity in dependence of animal species were 4,0·10-12 to 9,7·10-11. The possibility of the application of developed systems for parentage verification (P≥0.95) and breed purity detection (Q≥87,9) was shown. 
Keywords: genetic examination, test-systems, paternity, microsatellite, cattle breeds.

UDK 574.9/636.2
Problems of biodiversity conservation in animal husbandry 
A.V. Baranov
Summary. In recent years, the gene pool of cattle domestic breeds to a large extent groundlessly decreases. As a result of intensive usage of specialized imported breeds new breeds, interbreeding and commercial cattle types are created, large groups of hybrid animals are formed. At the same time some local breeds have been critically endangered, the irretrievable loss of valuable genes takes place, the genetic diversity, which serves as a base for further improvement of the breed-productive cattle qualities, decreases. In particular, in the herd of Kholmogory breed in SPF “Kholmogorsky” the genetic variability breadth of EAV-locus decreased from 41 to 31 alleles, in the herd of Bestuscheff breed in SPF “Kanash” – from 31 to 16 ones, in Kostroma breed (SPF “Karavaevo”, work-study unit “Kostromskoe”) – from 54...82 to 29...30 alleles. To support pedigree and gene pool farms, which concentrate active part of breeds, it is necessary to increase their food and material and technical basis, finance analytical works on determination of fat and protein content in milk, autarcesis indices, cattle adaptation ability, on animal testing on blood groups, blood serum and milk proteins, etc.; to create full-fledged data bank with information about pedigree value of each animal; to develop breeding programs both for breeds and for each pedigree farm, etc. Work to conserve the gene pool of domestic breeds should be done in the following order: assessment of genetic situation and organization of its monitoring, selection and long storage of sperm of sires with rare gene alleles, control over the genetic diversity preservation. 
Keywords: biodiversity, gene pool, domestic breeds, alleles, blood groups, kappa-casein, optimization.

UDK 631.459
Monitoring of organic matter content in arable soils in CCR
P.A. Сhekmaryov, S.V. Lukin, Yu.I. Siskevich, N.P. Yumashev, V.I. Korchagin, A.N. Hizhnyakov 
Summary. In Belgorod region the loss of organic matter was 0.4...0.6 % in not eroded typical and leached chernozems between the first (1950-1965) and the second (1970-1985) tours of the soil mapping. Over the past four cycles of agrochemical surveys (1985-2009) a significant change in the weighted average value of this index was not determined. It is within 4.8...5.0 %. In Kursk and Voronezh regions reduction of weight average content of organic matter in arable soils was not determined also for the observation period. In Lipetsk region it decreased from 6.1 % to 5.5 % since 1970-1975 to 2003-2007. The maximum level of organic fertilizer use in Belgorod region was 5.8 tons per hectare of sown area, in Lipetsk region – 5.4 t/ha, in Kursk region – 5.0 t/ha, in Tambov region – 4.1 t/ha, in Voronezh region – 3.8 t/ha. The minimum value of this index in Kursk and Tambov regions was fixed in 2009 (0.3 and 0.2 t/ha correspondingly). In Belgorod, Voronezh and Lipetsk regions the lowest level of organic fertilizer application (0.7...0.9 t/ha) increased to 1.4, 1.8 and 2.7 t/ha respectively over the last 3...5 years. According to results of recent completed cycles of agrochemical survey in CCR the lowest weight average content of organic matter (2.8 %) was set in soils in Dmitriev, Konyshev and Khomutov districts of Kursk region, where gray forest soils dominate. On the average in the region it is 4.7 %, value of this index is slightly higher in soils of Belgorod (5.0 %), Lipetsk (5.5 %) and Voronezh (5.7 %) regions. The highest average weighted content of organic matter in soils is fixed in Tambov region (6.5 %). Within the region soils of southern region are supplied with it best of all. For example, in Tokarevsk district the value of this index is 7.5 %, in Mordovo region – 7.3 %. 
Keywords: agrochemical survey, water erosion, dehumification, soil organic matter, organic fertilizers, chernozem.

UDK 633.367.3 : 631.526 : 631.543.1
Peculiarities of growth and development of plants, cultivation technologies for new variety of white lupine Deter 1 
G.G. Gataulina, N.V. Medvedeva, A.S. Tsygutkin
Summary. White lupine variety Deter 1 was developed by hybridization and repeated individually-family selection of determinant, fast-ripening, albiflorous, high-yielding forms. It is characterized by determinant growth type, leaves fall off after ripening, that, together with indehiscent beans, makes the culture high-technology for cultivation and harvesting. The variety is more resistant to soil and air drought compared to other varieties included in State Register. It sustains freezing up to -5...-6°С. It is resistant to lodging, and middling resistant to fusariose damage. Peculiarity of the variety cultivation is a possibility of sowing by both usual drill method and wide-row one with row-spacing width equal to 45 cm. To realize the yield potential (in experiments it was 46 dt/ha) the heightened density of planting before harvesting (80...90 units/sq m) is necessary, which is ensured by seeding rate 1.2 million of germinable seeds per hectare. With smaller value of this indicator it is 33...42 dt/ha, while increasing seeding rate to 1.5 m/ha insignificantly increases to 47 dt/ha, to 180 m/ha – decreases to 43 dt/ha. With increasing of density of planting in two times number of seeds, forming on the plant, almost unchanged, while a mass of 1000 seeds decreased only by 8 %. The growing season of Deter 1is shorter, than that of other varieties of white lupine, which allows to use it as a precursor for winter wheat, not only in the South, but also in the northern part of Central Chernozem region. The crude protein content in seeds of Deter 1 on average over 3 years was 37.4 %, crude cellulose and fat content – is about 10 %. 
Keywords: white lupine, variety Deter 1, vegetation length, productivity, mass of 1000 seeds, density of planting, crude protein, stubble root residues.

UDK 633.367.3:[632.91+632.92+632.93] (470.32)
Phytosanitary status of white lupine crops in the north east and south west of the Central Black earth belt 
Yu.S. Shapkina, Yu.M. Strojkov, A.S. Tsygutkin, N.V. Medvedeva, K.N. Veselovskaya, S.I. Tyutyunov, V.V. Naval’nev, I.I. Vasenev, A.P. Poltinin, A.V. Podlesnov
Summary. Investigation of species composition of weed vegetation, diseases and pests of white lupine was carried out in commercial crops, located in Belgorod and Tambov regions. The most harmful annual gramineous weeds were barnyard-grass, yellow-foxtail grass and wild oats; annual dicotyledonous weeds – common orach, airif, ironwort, green amaranth, muchweed, wild buckwheat; perennial creeping-rooted weeds – dindle, trailing bindweed, bottle brush. Next diseases were attributed to main ones: the most spreading and harmful diseases – anthracnose (Colletotrichum), Fusarium blight (Fusarium), gray rot (Botrytis); minor diseases (they rare occur or have slight damage) – root rots (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium), ascochyta-leaf spot (Ascochita), blackspot (Alternaria); potentially dangerous diseases (capable of destroying the harvest with favourable conditions for their development) – mildew (Erysiphe martii). Main pests for white lupine are polytrophic insects including owlet moths, sod webworms, snout beetles and pickleworm. The article describes symptoms, carriers and development conditions for main diseases, as well as character and possible consequences of plant damage by pests. 
Keywords: white lupine, weed component, diseases, pathogens, pests.

UDK: 633.358 : 631.52
Сreating a new variety pea Narymsky 15
O. V. Lozhkina
Summary. In article technology of the making the new variety pea Narymskiy 15, his morphological and economic-biological feature are described. Narymskiy division SRIoA&p – is the northernmost point in West Siberia, where the breeding of pea is conducting. The conditions of the region of the studies, referring northward taiga zone West Siberia, are extreme on climatic and soil factors. Length of the period without frost – 70-90 days. The estimation of the hybrid material in the making sort was conducted under different weather condition that has allowed to value resistance to different kinds of stress (high and low temperature, defect and excess of the precipitation and others.) The sort is created by method of the individual selection from hybrid population, created by crossbreeding. As a result it was managed to combine the limited growing and low type stalk with a mustache sheet, that provides a high resistance to lodging. Except this, grain is not showerred. That is why this sort is suitable for mechanized cleaning. The sort has average ripeness, period of the development 70-90 days, that is on 1-5 days less than standard one. The Variety contextum and subvariety contextum (coupled). The mass of 1000 grain – 170-280 gram. Contents of protein – 16-22 %. On result competitive test the standard variety Narymskiy 15 exceeds the variety Narymskiy 11 on productivities grain at variety of the weather conditions, as well as it is more sustainable to Ascochyta pisi, sulphur rotted and false mealy grow. The variety Narymskiy 15 is characterized as productive, adaptive, possessing resistance to disease. It has the advantage on standard on productivities grain on 0,3-0,4 т/га and resistance to disease on 2-5%.
Keywords: breeding, pea, variety, resistance to lodging, resistance to diseases, variety trials.

UDK: 631.15+631.811
Change of photosynthetic activity and productivity early-maturing hybrid of corn the cascade depending on density of standing and background a mineral food in Upper Volga
Z.I. Usanova, I.V. Shalnov
Summary. Influence of various density of standing (60, 70, 80, 100 thousand / hectare) and backgrounds a mineral food (without application of fertilizers, with application of fertilizers on an increase 100, 200, 300, 400 ts/hectares and productivity of 400 ts/hectares) on photosynthetic activity and efficiency of corn is studied. It is established that increase of density of standing to 100 thousand / hectare background a mineral food increases the average area of leaves by all on 58 — 72 %, the maximum area of leaves on 52 — 94 % and photosynthetic potential in 1,7 — 2 times. The increase in the average area of leaves from background a mineral food, in comparison with not fertilized background, has made 35 — 61 %, the maximum area of leaves 45 — 86 %. The maximum photosynthetic potential of crops has been generated on 4 and 5 backgrounds it has made 2,03 and 1,90 million м2 х days/hectares. Net productivity of photosynthesis increased from increase of density of standing, than from strengthening of a background of a mineral food so from 1 to 5 background it increased consistently (g/m2 х days) on 0,23 more; 2,13; 1,23; 2,1 and 0,82, and from increase in density of standing with 60 to 100 thousand / hectare in 1,3 — 2,1 times. On all backgrounds fertilizers the greatest crop of crude and dry phytoweight provides crops of corn with density of 100 thousand / hectare. The maximum size they have reached on backgrounds NPK on an increase of 400 ts/ hectares and NPK on productivity of 400 ts/hectares of 368 and 352 ts/hectares crude and 53,1 and 64,3 ts/hectares of dry phytoweight. In the conditions of 2009 and 2010, at density of standing of 100 thousand / the hectare has been received the programmed increase of a crop of green weight in 200 ts/hectares and close to planned a crop in 400 ts/hectares, the shortage has made 12 %. 
Keywords: corn, green phytomass, chemical fertilizers, thickness of sowing, programming of productivity, photosynthetic activity, productivity.

UDK 635.21:631.533.535.532.1
Cultivation of the improved initial tubers with use of various ways of the accelerated duplication in original seed-growing of a potato
V.P. Khodaeva, V.I. Kulikova
Summary. Paramount problem in original seed-growing a potato is reception of the improved initial material up to necessary volume. For fast introduction of new grades and perspective hybrids various ways of the accelerated duplication are used. Researches were spent in a film hothouse on grades Тулеевский and Удалец. For years of researches (2006-2009) the best приживаемость is noted in variants sprouts from mini-tubers 5-7г, 2-4г and sprouts from indexes Тулеевский – 93,1-95,6 %; Удалец – 76,3-88,8 %. By results of иммуноферментного the analysis, during the vegetation, the latent defeat by viruses X, S, M, Y, A, L and bacterial illnesses – a black leg and ring decay, no. The greatest quantity of seed fraction was generated in a variant sprouts from пробирочных plants: Тулеевский 62,5 % and Удалец 60,0 %. In variants sprouts from mini-tubers and indexes the raised quantity of tubers of large fraction is noted. The maximum quantity of tubers on a bush, on the average for four years, is received in a variant sprouts from пробирочных plants Тулеевский – 5,7 шт, Удалец – 6,7 pieces At all ways of the accelerated duplication, by quantity of tubers on a bush, variability on years from average up to high 10,9-47,5 % is noted. In variants the sprouts from mini-tubers 5-7 г, 2-4 г and from indexes has increased weight of a bush for 8,0-46,3 % and weight of one tuber in 1,3-2,0 times. The direct interrelation between productivity of one bush and weight of one tuber – Тулеевский r = 0,9313-0,9983 *, Удалец r = 0,8964-0,9793* is established. Formation of a crop under a bush was influenced with factors: a way of the accelerated duplication of 11,8-34,4 % and the factor environment (a condition of year) – 21,3-41,0 %. 
Keywords: improved potato, the accelerated duplication, basic plants, миниклубни, indexes, yield structure, efficiency.

UDK 636.4.033/084.12
Factorial method for determining the needs of essential amino acids in pigs
V.V. Kulintsev, S.O. Osmanova, M.O. Omarov
Summary. In our country and abroad are summaries of standards needs for amino acids, the amino acid composition of feed table. Despite this, the need to pigs of amino acids to two months of age has been little studied, although in this age of the pigs the most sensitive to the lack of amino acids. Considered in a comparative perspective, the traditional (method of increasing additives) and the factorial method. Development of a factorial method allowed us to determine the need for most essential amino acids on basal metabolism and on production by the analysis of homogenates of whole carcass in the period 21-40, 41-60 days of age. Norms derived factorial method proved to be very close to the norms obtained in the experiments, the traditional method of increasing additives. Thus, the need in lysine for piglets aged 21-60 days, some factorial method was 11.6 g / kg diet, methionine – 6.6 g, threonine 7.2 g, izolecine – 6.5 g vs 12.0; 7.4; 7.3 and 6.7 g / kg diet, respectively, defined by the traditional method. It says on the legality of a factorial method to balance the amino acid supply of piglets. Moreover, using indicators of costs of each amino acid to maintain per metabolic weight (W kg0.75) and for every kg of growth becomes possible to balance the ration with the need for amino acids in a specific productivity and live weight of pigs. This is the advantage factorial valuation compared to balancing the norms obtained by Rostov. 
Keywords: protein, essential amino acids, the need, the basal metabolic rate, appetite and the availability of amino acids, feed the pigs.

UDK 633.367.3 : 536.5
Amino acid composition of grain of white lupine gamma and dega
A.S. Tsygutkin, A.l. Stele, E.N. Andrianova, N.V. Medvedeva
Summary. In seeds of white lupine Gamma with humidity 8.86 % the average nitrogen (N) content is 5.60 %, phosphorus (Р2О5) content is 0.85 %, calcium (CaO) content is 0.46 %, crude protein content is 34.97 %, crude cellulose content is 10.01 %, crude ash content is 3.39 %, fat content is 10.70 %, and carotinoid concentration is 28.77 mg/kg. In seeds of Dega values of these indicators with humidity 8.93 % are 5.34, 0.94, 0.47, 33.37, 10.48, 3.51, 10.67 % and 28,47 mg/kg correspondingly. The concentration of lysine in seeds of varieties of question reached 1.47...1.48 g/% to a crude protein, leucine concentration is 2.24...2.38 g/%, phenylalanine concentration is 1.17...1.26 g/%, valine concentration is 1.09...1.14 g/%, isoleucine concentration is 1.18...1.29 g/%, threonine concentration is 1.19...1.26 g/%, methionine concentration is 0.50...0.53 g/% (the sum of indispensable amino acids is 8.84...9.34 g/%), glutamic acid concentration is 6.88...7.15 g/%, proline concentration is 1.40...1.53 g/%, aspartic acid concentration is 2.93...3.11 g/%, serine concentration is 1.65...1.79 g/%, arginine concentration is 3.07...3.21 g/%, glycine concentration is 1.16...1.22 g/%, alanine concentration is 1.03...1.11 g/%, tyrosine concentration is 1.51...1.70 g/%, hystidine concentration is 0.86...0.91 g/%, cysteine concentration is 0.50...0.51 g/% to a crude protein (the sum of dispensable amino acids is 21.12...22.11 g/%). As a whole, white lupine seeds contain enough methionine and cysteine and are notable for high concentration of leucine and isoleucine. Comparison of amino acid composition of white lupine seeds and soybean meal showed that they are characterized by equal methionine and cysteine content, and lysine in lupine is slightly less. Amino acid composition of white lupine seeds is consistent with the needs of poultry. 
Keywords: white lupine, crude protein, amino acid composition, cellulose, crude fat, mixed fodder, poultry breeding.

UDK 633.367.3 : 636.086.1 : 636.59
Utilization of white lupine grain during quail growing for meat
G.D. Afanas’ev, A.l. Shtele, V.A.Terekhov, E.V. Pisarev
Summary: There are results of the studies on the quail growing with white lupine grain usage. The possibility of white lupine grain inclusion in mixed fodder at a level of 5 and 10 % was studied. The best indices of live weight and average daily gain were observed in the group, supplied with a feed contained 10 % of lupine. At the age of 42 days the live weight of cocks (185.32 g) and hens (197.32 g) in this group significantly exceeded the indices of control group (without white lupine) and the group, which were fed with mixed fodder with 5 % of lupine, by 10.72...13.99 g and 14.42...15.72 g, respectively. Feed cost per unit of output (feed conversion rate), when 10 % of white lupine were included, were smaller than in control and the second experimental group by 5.8...7.3 %. Hundred-per-cent preservation of young quails was observed in all groups. The main indicators of quail meat qualities directly depended on their preslaughter live weight and sexual dimorphism of this bird kind because of the hen superiority on live weight. In the control group it was higher by 2.2 %, in the group received 5 % of white lupine – by 5.1 %, in the group received 10 % of white lupine – by 8.3 %.
Keywords: White lupine, crude protein, amino acid content, cellulose, crude fat, mixed fodder, poultry breeding.

UDK 57.087.31/.37
Computer technology for animal semen evaluation
B.S. Lolchiev, V.A. Bagirov, P.M. Klenovitskij, V.P. Kononov, Sh.N. Nasibov, V.A. Voevodin
Summary. To assess the quality and quantity indicators of sperm of animal of different species the computer analysis of sperm – Computerassisted sperm analysis (CASA) – was used. It was developed a protocol for assessing the quantity and quality indicators of sperm of bulls, rams, he-goats, and other agricultural and wild species of animals, using computer technology.
Keywords: Sperm evaluation, computer analysis of sperm, morphology of spermatozoa, spermatozoa concentration, sperm mobility.

UDK 636.22/28.034
Kostroma cattle breed: evaluation and use of genetic potential
A.V. Baranov, B.V. Shalugin
Summary. The article provides the data characteristic of Kostroma Cattle Breed’s genetic potential and detailed analysis of milk production for cows on breeding farms, the composition of milk and its cheese-making qualities, productive lifetime, disease-resistance, genetic potential for milk production in bull-sires. The analysis conducted suggests that the rational use of genetic potential will make it possible to improve at a high rate both Kostroma and other brown breeds of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: genetic potential, evaluation, milk production.

UDK 575.113.2+575.17:636.225.1+636.237.21
Uniqueness of kostroma breed of cattle from a position of molecular genetics
G.E. Sulimova, I.V. Lazebnaja, A.V. Perchun, V.N. Voronkova, M.N. Ruzina, G.A. Badin 
Summary. Objective of this research – an estimation of genetic potential of Kostroma breed on the genes responsible for dairy and meat efficiency – kappa-casein genes (CSN3), prolactin (bPRL), a growth hormone (bGH) and diatsilglitserol-atsiltransferazy-1 (DGAT1), and alleles gene BoLA-DRB3 defining genetic stability cattle to leucosis and a mastitis. Researches spent on samples of cows of Kostroma breed of economy of "Luzhki", "Gridino", "Minsk" and bulls from "Kostroma" on breeding work. Testing A- and B-allele’s gene CSN3 spent by means of allele-specific PCR. DNA-polymorphism of genes bPRL, bGH, DGAT1 and BoLA-DRB3 investigated method PCR-PDRF. Frequencies alleles and genotypes on investigated genes are defined. The high maintenance valuable alleles and genotypes of the investigated genes in the studied samples are shown: B-allele CSN3 (to 40,5%), determining the syrodelcheskie quality of milk; Genotype LL of a gene bGH (86,0%), associated with the high maintenance of fat and fiber in milk and a large increase of weight of a body; Genotype АА of a gene bPRL (58,1%), associated with the high maintenance of fiber in milk; Genotype АК of gene DGAT1 (35,4%), associated with a milk high fat content, and also with the low maintenance of stearic acid that is more preferable to reception of high-quality meat; alleles gene BoLA-DRB3, defining stability to leucosis (35,9%) and to a clinical mastitis (24,1%). On the basis of the received results following conclusions are drawn: 1. Uniqueness of Kostroma breed consists in a rare combination of the valuable genetic complexes simultaneously providing high quality of milk and meat, and also high level of stability to diseases. 2. The genetic potential of Kostroma breed is not settled. It is one of the best domestic breeds and requires a solicitous attitude to preservation of its uniqueness and the further improvement.
Keywords: cattle, Kostromskaya breed, milk productivity, meat productivity, DNA-markers, PCR-RFLP, BoLA-DRB3, kappa kasein, prolactin hormone, growth hormone, diacylglycerol-acyltransferase-1 genes, frequency of alleles and genotypes.

UDK: 619:616-07:579.841.93
Results of production test diagnosticums made from l-form brucella
l.G. Gordienko
Summary. The principal place is belong to the laboratory methods of studies in the complex diagnostic procedures for animal of brucellosis. The existing diagnostic agents can identify animals with persistent typical forms of the pathogenic organism. At the same time some of the animals infected with the modified (L) forms of Brucella remain undetected and pose a threat to susceptible livestock in herds. Production testing of diagnostic agents, made of Brucella in an L-shape, was carried out to determine its effectiveness and feasibility of the overall complex laboratory tests. There were made experimental models of antigens and hyperimmune serum from reversibility Brucella strains transformed in vitro for the production tests. The work was conducted in herds of reindeer disadvantaged brucellosis. There have found that L-antigens have specificity in the study of serum from healthy and infected animals. The blood serum was studied in the agglutination test (RT) and the complement fixation reaction (CFT). The indication of cultures of Brucella was conducted in view of the typical and modified forms of Brucella in various stages of transformation. There are shown of diagnostic activity L-antigens of Brucella with homologous antiserum at its breeding 1:20-1:50. The use of L-antigens in the whole complex serological studies revealed an additional 0,36% of the animals carriers of brucella. The L-serum permit additional to identify to 43% of Brucella in the study of cultures isolated from reindeer in the foci of infection. It is established that the antigens and serum, made of Brucella in an L-shape, can be effectively used in the diagnosis of brucellosis in animals.
Keywords: brucella, L-forms, diagnosticums, prepared, production test, specifically, activity, identification, detection, cultures.

UDK 619:616-07:616.981.42:636.22/28
Diagnostic efficiency R-brucellosis antigen brucellosis in cattle
l.V. Degtyarenko, M.Y. Karlova, I.N. Kalikin
Summary. The article presents the production testing of the diagnostic value R-Brucella antigens VNIIBTG for the complement fixation reaction (CFR) and agglutination (RA) for brucellosis in cattle. The study there was found that the R-antigens have specificity and sensitivity. R-Brucella antigens can be used in conjunction with the differential diagnosis and monitoring of the immune response in cattle to the introduction of the dissociated mild agglutinogenic vaccine strains of B. abortus 82 and 75/79-AV. In this case, the control of immune response in cattle immunized with vaccine strain of B. abortus 82, 75/79-AV need to be pursued in the study of blood serum with the R-Brucella antigen 30-45 days after vaccination, since in this period in well with brucellosis herds recorded the maximum number of responders – the CFR 95,0-100,0%, in RA – 59,0-92,8%. In addition, the negative results of the CFR and RA to R-Brucella antigens indicates the absence of an immune response and the feasibility of additional animal vaccination, the serum which did not specify R-Brucella antibodies, which can improve the quality of specific prophylaxis of brucellosis infection. Using the R-Brucella antigens VNIIBTG in combination with other means and methods of differential diagnosis for recovery of cattle vaccinated the vaccine strain of B.abortus 82, possible to eliminate unjustified slaughter of healthy animals with 277 post-vaccination reactions and reliably improve the management of brucellosis within 12 months. 
Keywords: cattle, brucellosis, vaccines, immunizations, diagnosis, antigens, antibodies.

UDK 619:616.981:42
Diagnostic significance of milk ring test in cattle brucellosis
T.G. Popova, P.K. Arakelyan, A.A. Novitskij, S.K. Dimov, A.S. Dimova
Summary. It are reflects research materials in the period from 1987 to 2010 in the article. It is installed unsuitable udder secretions of deep in-calf cows for research at the RT to the diagnosis of brucellosis in cows with a period of more than 7 months of pregnancy. The positive RT don’t blind with mastitis in respect of its impact on the specificity of its indicators. 8,3 % samples coincided with a positive RT (including a dilution of 1:2-2, at a dilution of 1:32 – 6) of the 96 positive samples with dimastin from cows disadvantaged populations. It’s possible to recommend it as a differential method for distinguishing infected from vaccinated patients strain B.abortus 82. The use of even low doses of the vaccine strain agglutinogens B.abortus 19 for cows such features are not enabled. After artificial infection virulent culture B.abortus are showed that the RT with milk was positive in 90% of the cows already in 9 day, whereas complement-fixing substance (CFT) and agglutinins (RT) were recorded in all animals only the 21 days. There are showed research results that the ring reaction with milk is a specific highly sensitive method, that revealing the initial stage disease brucellosis of animal. It is a differential test in the early stages after reimmunization cattle, and it is used in later periods, at 6 months after revaccination in conjunction with other serological reactions, which makes it possible to shorten the waiting time improvement of disadvantaged farms of 2 or more times.
Keywords: сattle, cows, brucellosis, diagnosis, rapid method, milk, ring test, colored antigen.

UDK 619:616-07:616.981.42:636.22/28
IHA test with milk in the differential postvaccination diagnosis brucellosis cattle
l.V. Degtyarenko, M.Y. Karlova, O.D. Sklarov, N.F. Khatko
Summary. The studies were conducted to study the feasibility of applying the new formulation in erythrocyte diagnosticum for conduction of RIGA with milk of cattle immunized with a vaccine prepared from strain antibrucellar B. abortus 82. There was revealed in a study of 196 cows with mastitis breast diseases in clinical and subclinical form that RIGA with milk is specific reaction, since there was get negative results. The study of milk in RIGA from 69 cows on deep in calf on brucellosis infection also was showed the possibility of applying the test for diagnostic studies. The feasibility of using RIGA with milk in the control of epizootic situation of brucellosis and rehabilitation of disadvantaged farms in 1 month and subsequent periods after immunization of cows vaccine strain of B.abortus in the survey found 82 cows in 2694 and 1643 favored animals with brucellosis disadvantaged farms. In the prosperous farms of cows found to be negative RIGA with milk, a dysfunctional antibodies in milk was determined in 0,6-14,4% of cows. There was set a higher sensitivity compared to RIGA and RT with milk in the study of milk from cows in 1643 unfortunate of brucellosis herds, there was reacted respectively 2.4 and 1.9% animal, and the testimony of the RT and RIGA with milk coincided in 83.9% of cases. In some disadvantaged brucellosis herd of cows in the percentage of reacting with RIGA milk ranged from 0.2 to 5.1%. The credibility of RIGA with milk in the study of cows disadvantaged farms with brucellosis confirmed by conducting serology complex RA + RCF + RIGA + RID, bacteriological and PCR techniques. 
Keywords: cattle, brucellosis, vaccines, immunizations, diagnosis, antigens, antibodies.

UDK 619:616-074:616.982.2+636.22/.28
Improving the laboratory diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis
l.A. Taller, V.G. Oshchepkov, E.Y. Sequin, T.A. Yanchenko, A.D. Slepchenko
Summary. The aim was to develop an alternative combined method of accelerated bacterial diagnosis of tuberculosis using new nutrient media and highly sensitive bacterial test – polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealing a biological material, even single cells to the agent of its DNA and compare it with conventional methods. We used the modified culture medium SFD-1 and SFD-2 containing the growth of pathogenic fitostimulyatory and atypical mycobacteria to develop a combined method, called the «cultural-genetic». We used a test-system of «MTB-ROM» in the PCR. There was conducted production testing of the combined method on the basis of the Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tyumen regions and the Krasnodar Territory in relation to the traditional post-mortem diagnostic methods: pathological, bacteriological, biological, prescribed in the Manual on the diagnosis of the tuberculosis of animals (2002). There were examined 40 samples of biological material from cattle, including 12 from unfortunate farms of tuberculosis (necrotic foci characteristic for tuberculosis) and 28 samples from wealthy farms without pathological changes. The features of the application of culturally-genetic method was that on 3-rd day of cultivation of inoculations on nutrient media modified SFD-1 and SFD-2, with its surface (when there was no visible growth of colonies) did the so-called «blind» swabs with saline and examined its in the PCR test-system «MTB-ROM.» There were found agents of tuberculosis in the study of culture-genetic method of 36 swabs from the inoculations, made of 12 samples of biological material with the characteristic necrotic foci in all (100%) swabs, whereas in culture method there have been identified by mycobacteria of bovine species in all eight samples (66.6% ) for 20-40 days. There was found the presence of the pathogen in 100% of cases by biological method, but only 40-60 days. There were negative the results of the study 28 samples of biological material, that has no pathological changes, such as cultural-genetic as well as all the traditional methods. It was thus, there was established that the use of combined cultural-genetic method can reduce the time of diagnosis in the 6-20 times compared to traditional cultural and biological methods. 
Keywords: cattle, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, laboratory diagnostics, modified culture media, PCR.

UDK: 619:616.981.42:636.3
Optimization antibrucellosis activities small horned cattle in modern epizootic and socio-economic conditions
P.K. Arakeljan, O.V. Bondareva, E.B. Ваrabanova, S.K. Dimov, A.S. Dimova
Summary. The aim of research was the optimization of the control system of the epizootic process of brucellosis in small ruminants on the basis of a new principle of specific prophylaxis of brucellosis in small ruminants, providing the animals to ensure the formation of immunity sufficient intensity with weak postvaccinal seropositivity that permits control of epizootic vaccinated flocks, due to conjunctival injection method they live vaccine strain of B. abortus 19 in the minimum immunizing doses. There were conducted studies in experimental conditions (including the use of 150 sheep) as well as in production experiments in the farms of the Kurgan region, republics of Tuva and Khakassia (on stock 30 thousand sheep). There were revealed the experiments that after double conjunctival vaccination of sheep from the vaccine strain 19 at a dose of 4 billion microbial cells formed by the immune system, equivalent to the official method of revaccination (hypodermic 40+40 billion microbial cells) at 77,8%. It is proved in production conditions that the method of conjunctival vaccination of sheep and goats from a vaccine strain 19 at a dose of 4 billion microbial cells in disadvantaged and endangered areas has been effective in respect of antiepizootic and anti-epidemic and more acceptable in the new socio-economic conditions as well as there was provided an opportunity (as opposed to subcutaneous method) to identify post-immunization carriers of brucella not only by reaction with O-immunodiffusion polysaccharide antigen (RID O-PS), but using the reaction of agglutination and Bordet-Gengou test (RA and BGT), and also the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) through 3-4 months after each immunization and reimmunization. There was found that using the M-antigen compared with the A-antigen in addition revealed an average of 2,25 times more infected animals a comparative study of the diagnostic efficiency of the O-PS antigens prepared from B. abortus (A-antigen) and B. melitensis (M-antigen) in sheep and goats immunized with the vaccine strain of B. abortus 19 different schemes with artificial and natural infection with brucella species melitensis. In addition, there was set of differential diagnostic role of both O-PS antigens of using its in the evaluation schemes of the epizootic on brucellosis vaccinated animals.
Keywords: small horned cattle, brucellosis, the epizootic process, control, rational schemes of immunization, the vaccine strain of 19, conjunctival method, differential postvaccinal diagnostics.

UDK 621.928.233
Perfection of shock clearing of apertures of flat sieves
M.S. Volkhonov, I.V.Bushuev
Summary. In article optimum position of a sieve at its horizontal fluctuations for drawing of shock influence for the purpose of creation of the best clearing of a sieve from the jammed particles of a separated material is defined. At its definition the forces operating on the jammed particle of the separated material at unjamming, and for a finding of trajectories of movement of a point of a surface of a sieve, concerning the jammed particle were considered, used the known equations of movement of a fluctuating sieve and results of mathematical modeling of shock influence on the center of a segment of the sieve executed in program complex Ansys. Model is the sieve with rectangular apertures 2,6×20 mm in the thickness of 1 mm and the sizes 990×790 mm, is jammed on a contour and broken into two segments 480×760 mm, sieve density set taking into account factor of live section 0,46-4212 of kg/ m3. Shock impulses in size 0,32 Н∙с were put in the center of segments of a sieve. It is established that for reduction of shock influence by a sieve it is necessary to use the force of inertia arising at horizontal fluctuations, thus optimum position of a sieve, for striking, extreme position in a direction of movement of a separated material is established. In this position after shocking sieve displacement rather unjamming particles as much as possible for a point in the center of a segment of a sieve δ =0,4 mm, on the brink of a sieve δ =0,15 mm, thus on a particle pushing out force also makes from an edge of an aperture of a sieve. On the brink rigidly fixed sieve the releasing backlash decreases to 10 times in comparison with a place of the appendix of shock loading. Dependence for definition of a corner of an advancing of giving of an impulse on a control mean the shock worker is resulted. 
Keywords: a flat sieve, separation, shock cleaning holes, shock workers.

UDK 631.331.9.631.53.17
Determination of rational redundant air pressure in perforating drums during presowing processing of potato 
A.F. Trianfiladov, V.V. Fedyuk
Summary. The results of the researches on determination of the air rational surplus pressure in perforation drums of device before potato planting by electrohydrolic processed turf are adduced. It is installed, that maximum quality are provided under air surplus pressure inside perforation drums in 15 – 20 kPa under possible damage of potatoes. 
Keywords: potato, before planting process, device, perforation drums, surplus pressure.

UDK 621.577:664
The use of low-grade heat processing of agricultural products
O.S. Ptashkina-Girina, R.Gh. Nizamutdinov
Summary. The article deals with one of the directions for energy-saving i.e. the use of heat pump and heat recovery in the processing of agricultural products. The schemes of heat recovery for agricultural enterprise that produces milk and meat processing enterprises are described, the economic effect of their application is calculated.
Keywords: Energy-saving, heat pump, source of low-grade warmth, compression-condensing unit, heat recovery, heat exchanger.