ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF ROW CROPS AND ENGINEERING TOOL OF ITS ENSURING

V.I. Turusov, Yu.F. Romantsov, V.A. Pshenichnyi
Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Chernozem strip. V.V. Dokuchaev, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2-go uchastka instituta im Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation

Summary. It is proposed a technology of cultivation of corn and sunflower, which is based on such operations as disking of stubble, moldboard plowing by the stripes in a width of 250 mm and row spacing of 450 mm with local in-soil application of mineral fertilizers and the formation of ridges. For its implementation an integrated aggregate was developed and tested. The optimal conditions for its work are shortened up to 400 mm breasts and operating speed up to 2.2 m/s. Under these circumstances the coefficient of process reliability is 0.84, and the turnover of stratum is 108 degrees. For the local application of fertilizers in the soil it was proposed to use nozzles, which were installed behind the breasts, which allows the distribution of fertilizers in the horizon 60-190 mm. When cultivating of the soil to the depth of 22-23 cm and its moisture 26-27% in the layer 0-30 cm the usage of the integrated aggregate with the tractor T-150 saves up to 4.8 kg/ha or 22 % of the fuel in comparison with plowing by PLN-5-35. The strip tillage with the formation of ridges in the fall, in comparison with the plowing, traditionally used in the zone, decreases the density of the topsoil (bulk density is reduced by 0.08 g/cm3), increases moisture accumulation in the fall-winter period (by 15.2% in one-meter layer), more rapid warming of the surface layer.

Keywords: technology, technical tool, test, strip cultivation, fertilization, decompression of the soil, accumulation of moisture, temperature regime, contamination, harvest measurement.

Author Details: V.I. Turusov, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Yu.F. Romantsov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; V.A. Pshenichnyi, senior research fellow.

For citation: Turusov V.I., Romantsov Yu.F., Pshenichnyi V.A. Energy-Saving Technology of Cultivation of Row Crops and Engineering Tool of Its Ensuring. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 4. Pp. 78-80 (In Russ.).